Module 2: Unit 1 - Intro to Breast Anatomy Flashcards
BC cancer breast screening program is available for BC women ______ years or older
40 years or older
True or False: Mammography is the #1 screening modality for breast cancer and uses XRay
True
(it is the most common and most effective)
The first imaging sign of developing malignancy is _________. Which mammography is capable of detecting early
Microcalcifications
Limitations of Mammography include the FIVE:
1) Dense breast tissue (radiopaque) vs Fatty (radiolucent)
2) Cannot tell Cystic vs Solid
3) Localization
4) Malignant vs Benign features
5) Human error
Advantages to breast ULTRASOUND include these SIX:
1) Painless
2) Low cost
3) Non-Ionizing
4) Cystic/solid differentiation
5) Mass localization
6) Biopsy Guidance
Limitations of breast ULTRASOUND include these THREE:
1) Operator dependent
2) Benign vs Malignant features
3) Microcalcification detection
Five advancements in breast ultrasound include:
1) Automated whole- breast scanners
2) 3D and 4D ultrasound
3) Elastography
4) Contrast enhanced ultrasound
5) AI programs
True or False: Mammary glands are exocrine
True ( produce milk)
The glandular elements primarily function to produce milk, whereas the stromal elements consist of ____, ________ connective tissues, as well as blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Fat
Fibrous connective tissue
Developmental anomalies include:
1) Unilateral early ripening (premature thelarche)
2) Precocious Puberty (before 8 years of age)
3) Congenital nipple inversion
4) Polythelia (MOST COMMON)
5) Polymastia
6) Hypeplasia
7) Amastia ( Failure of breast tissue to develop - usually with Athelia)
8) Amazia (Absence of breast tissue but nipple is present)
The areola contains _____ glands that are sebaceous and secrete oil during breast feeding
Montgomery
Main arterial blood supply is from the ___________ to the medial portion of the breast and branches of the _____ artery to supply the lateral aspect
Internal thoracic artery
Axillary
Lymph flows through intramammary nodes and lymph vessels into a ________ plexus
Subareolar
Intramammary lymph nodes are located within the breast especially in the _____ quadrant near the ____
Upper Outer
Axilla
True or False: Intramammary nodes are less commonly visualized on US than axillary nodes
True
The first lymph node which drains a cancerous tumor and is at most risk for mets is the ____ Lymph Node
Sentinel
_____ ligaments support the breast and are suspensory. With age they become more lax
Coopers
The three layers of the breast are the:
1) Premammary (subcutaneous fat)
2) Mammary (parenchymal)
3) Retromammary (fat, vessels, lymphatics)
The mammar layer consists of __ to __ lobes overlapping in a radial pattern. Each lobe contains _ to _ terminal ductolobular units (TDLUs)
15-20 lobes
20-40 TDLUs
TDLUs are the ___ unit of the breast and are composed of a ____ and extralobular terminal ____. TDLUs contain _____ which produce milk
Functional
Lobule
Extralobular terminal duct
Acini
Acini, the smallest functional units of the breast produce ___
Milk
____ or terminal ductules —> ______ terminal duct —-> _____ terminal duct —-> ______ duct —-> Lactiferous _____ —-> Nipple
Acini
Intralobular
Extralobular
Lactiferous
Sinus
The most significant breast condition in men are _____ and ____
Gynecomastia
Cancer
(men rarely develop lobules/adenomas etc..) NO COOPERS LIGS
What breast layer contains funcitons tissues of the breast
Mammary
Which layers of the breast contain fat?
All 3!
What are the smallest functional units of the breast?
acini
