Module 2 Unit 1

Question 1

Refers to the body—both physical extremities and internal organs

Answer 1

Physical self

Question 2

Who

Generally, girls are more dissatisfied than boys with their physical appearance and their overall body image. For girls, self-consciousness and dissatisfaction with their appearance reach their peak between the ages 13 and 15

Answer 2

Newman & Newman, 2009

Question 3

The process of physical maturation resulting an increase in size of the body and various organs.

Answer 3

Growth

Question 4

The development of the body and emotions into adulthood—secondary sex characteristics.

Answer 4

Puberty

Question 5

The process of functional and psychological maturation of an individual.

Answer 5

Development

Question 6

Refers to the development from conception to death.

Answer 6

Life span

Question 7

Who

10 Stages in the Lifespan

Answer 7

Elizabeth Hurlock

Question 8

Elizabeth Hurlock

10 Stages in the Lifestyle

Answer 8

1. Prenatal
2. Infancy
3. Babyhood
4. Early childhood
5. Late childhood
6. Puberty
7. Adolescence
8. Early adulthood
9. Middle adulthood
10. Late adulthood or senescence

Question 9

Refers to the idea that there are three generalized body compositions that people are predetermined to have

Answer 9

Body-type or somatotype

Question 10

Soft and plump

Answer 10

Endomorphic

Question 11

Strong and muscular

Answer 11

Mesomorphic

Question 12

Tall and thin

Answer 12

Ectomorphic

Question 13

Who

Body-type theory

Answer 13

William Sheldon (1940)

Question 14

Somatotype

Relaxed, sociable, tolerant, comfort-loving, peaceful

Answer 14

Endomorph (viscerotonic)

Question 15

Somatotype

Active, assertive, vigorous, combative

Answer 15

Mesomorph (somatotonic)

Question 16

Somatotype

Quiet, fragile, restrained, non-assertive, sensitive

Answer 16

Ectomorph (cerebrotonic)

Question 17

Who

The Wisdom of Your Face

Answer 17

Jean Haner (2008)

Question 18

An individual’s mental representation of his/her own body

Answer 18

Body image

Question 19

2 types of body image

Person’s perception of the level of attractiveness of his own body; produces either satisfying or unsatisfying results

Answer 19

Internal/ Personal

Question 20

2 types of body image

Sense of how other people view our bodies

Answer 20

External/ Social

Question 21

Refers to everything about a person that others can observe

Answer 21

Appearance

Question 22

Body image is related to ___: which is a person’s overall evaluation of his or her own worth.

Answer 22

Self-esteem

Question 23

Occurs when there is a discrepancy between actual and ideal body image

Answer 23

Body image dissatisfacton

Question 24

2 types of beauty

• Physical characteristics of the person
• Shape, color, form
• Pleasant to the aesthetic senses

Answer 24

External beauty

Question 25

# 2 types of beauty * Inner qualities of the person

Answer 25

Inner beauty

Question 26

# Who Averageness, rather than distinctiveness, was correlated with facial attractiveness

Answer 26

Gill Rhodes (2006)

Question 27

Privileges and wealth people receive from aesthetic traits such as their face, hair, body, clothes, grooming habits and other markers of beauty

Answer 27

Aesthetic capital

Question 28

# Who Proposed that aesthetic traits impact our lives in matters of modest importance (e.g., friend selection) and matters of great importance (e.g., career mobility)

Answer 28

Samantha Lovascio

Question 29

# Who “All cultures everywhere have attempted to change their body in an attempt to meet their cultural standards of beauty, as well as their religious and/or social obligations”

Answer 29

De Mello

Question 30

# De Mello (2014) 2 ways people seek to conform to certain standards of beauty

Answer 30

1. Body Adornment 2. Body Modification

Question 31

Practice of physically enhancing the body by temporary means such as styling and decorating

Answer 31

Body Adornment

Question 32

Temporary or permanent physical alteration of the body through means such as surgery, tattooing, piercing, and the like

Answer 32

Body Modification

Question 33

# De Mello * Pertains to the belief of people that all bodily processes should be under our control * Trains us to be ashamed of body parts that refuse to comply with the cultural ideal

Answer 33

Culture of Physical Improvement

Question 34

# Who Body Shame is not a natural response to being fat, physically impaired, chronically sick, or old. It is a culturally conditioned response to a commercially fabricated fantasy of physical perfection.

Answer 34

Lelwica

Question 35

* A culture that is widely accepted and patronized by the public * Usually influences people to patronize products endorsed by popular celebrities or products that are ‘on trend.’

Answer 35

Popular or ‘Pop’ Culture

Question 36

* Presence of advertisements representing appropriate bodies or skin * Conform or resist

Answer 36

Hyper-mediated Society

Question 37

* Creates ideals in the form of celebrities and models for men and women to admire * Pressures individuals to conform to expectations * What is attractive vs. what is not

Answer 37

Media

Question 38

Those who start sexual maturation who are still considered children (9-10 years old)

Answer 38

Tweeners

Question 39

Teenagers who are just starting their sexual maturation (14-15 years old)

Answer 39

Late Bloomers

Question 40

A person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value

Answer 40

Self-esteem

Question 41

* Understanding that healthy, attractive bodies come in many shapes and sizes * Physical appearance says very little about our character or value as a person * Self-acceptance

Answer 41

Body positivity