Module 2 Unit 1 Flashcards
Refers to the body—both physical extremities and internal organs
Physical self
Who
Generally, girls are more dissatisfied than boys with their physical appearance and their overall body image. For girls, self-consciousness and dissatisfaction with their appearance reach their peak between the ages 13 and 15
Newman & Newman, 2009
The process of physical maturation resulting an increase in size of the body and various organs.
Growth
The development of the body and emotions into adulthood—secondary sex characteristics.
Puberty
The process of functional and psychological maturation of an individual.
Development
Refers to the development from conception to death.
Life span
Who
10 Stages in the Lifespan
Elizabeth Hurlock
Elizabeth Hurlock
10 Stages in the Lifestyle
- Prenatal
- Infancy
- Babyhood
- Early childhood
- Late childhood
- Puberty
- Adolescence
- Early adulthood
- Middle adulthood
- Late adulthood or senescence
Refers to the idea that there are three generalized body compositions that people are predetermined to have
Body-type or somatotype
Soft and plump
Endomorphic
Strong and muscular
Mesomorphic
Tall and thin
Ectomorphic
Who
Body-type theory
William Sheldon (1940)
Somatotype
Relaxed, sociable, tolerant, comfort-loving, peaceful
Endomorph (viscerotonic)
Somatotype
Active, assertive, vigorous, combative
Mesomorph (somatotonic)
Somatotype
Quiet, fragile, restrained, non-assertive, sensitive
Ectomorph (cerebrotonic)
Who
The Wisdom of Your Face
Jean Haner (2008)
An individual’s mental representation of his/her own body
Body image
2 types of body image
Person’s perception of the level of attractiveness of his own body; produces either satisfying or unsatisfying results
Internal/ Personal
2 types of body image
Sense of how other people view our bodies
External/ Social
Refers to everything about a person that others can observe
Appearance
Body image is related to ___: which is a person’s overall evaluation of his or her own worth.
Self-esteem
Occurs when there is a discrepancy between actual and ideal body image
Body image dissatisfacton
2 types of beauty
- Physical characteristics of the person
- Shape, color, form
- Pleasant to the aesthetic senses
External beauty
2 types of beauty
- Inner qualities of the person
Inner beauty
Who
Averageness, rather than distinctiveness, was correlated with
facial attractiveness
Gill Rhodes (2006)
Privileges and wealth people receive from aesthetic traits such as their face, hair, body, clothes, grooming habits and other markers of beauty
Aesthetic capital
Who
Proposed that aesthetic traits impact our lives in matters of modest importance (e.g., friend selection) and matters of great importance (e.g., career mobility)
Samantha Lovascio
Who
“All cultures everywhere have attempted to change their body in an attempt to meet their cultural standards of beauty, as well as their religious and/or social obligations”
De Mello
De Mello (2014)
2 ways people seek to conform to certain standards of beauty
- Body Adornment
- Body Modification
Practice of physically enhancing the body by temporary means such as styling and decorating
Body Adornment
Temporary or permanent physical alteration of the body
through means such as surgery, tattooing, piercing, and the like
Body Modification
De Mello
- Pertains to the belief of people that all bodily processes should be under our control
- Trains us to be ashamed of body parts that refuse to comply with the cultural ideal
Culture of Physical Improvement
Who
Body Shame is not a natural response to being fat, physically
impaired, chronically sick, or old. It is a culturally conditioned response to a commercially fabricated fantasy of physical perfection.
Lelwica
- A culture that is widely accepted and patronized by the public
- Usually influences people to patronize products endorsed by popular celebrities or products that are ‘on trend.’
Popular or ‘Pop’ Culture
- Presence of advertisements representing appropriate bodies or skin
- Conform or resist
Hyper-mediated Society
- Creates ideals in the form of celebrities and models for men and women to admire
- Pressures individuals to conform to expectations
- What is attractive vs. what is not
Media
Those who start sexual maturation who are still
considered children (9-10 years old)
Tweeners
Teenagers who are just starting their sexual
maturation (14-15 years old)
Late Bloomers
A person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value
Self-esteem
- Understanding that healthy, attractive bodies come in many shapes and sizes
- Physical appearance says very little about our character or value as a person
- Self-acceptance
Body positivity
