Module 1 Unit 4 Flashcards
Who
- Self is both the “knower” and the “known”
- Partly object and partly subject
- Divided into the me-self and the I-self
William James
James
- This is the empirical self
- The object of a thought
Me-Self
3 Dimensions of Me-self
Pertains to the things you own
Material Self
3 Dimensions of Me-self
Significant interpersonal relations
Social Self
3 Dimensions of Me-self
One’s personality, character and defining values
Spiritual Self
James
- “Pure ego” - provides the thread of continuity between our past, present, and future selves
- Consciousness itself
- Self-awareness
- Soul (or mind)
- Involves subjective experiential features
I-Self
James
3 Dimensions of I-self:
- Individual Self
- Relational Self
- Collective Self
Who
“To search for truth about the self is as valuable as to search for truth in other areas of life”
Karen Horney
Who
The foundation of a healthy development stems from our childhood experiences
Karen Horney
Horney
Child’s feelings of unexpressed hostility would result in the
development of ___ - a feeling of inadequacy and helplessness in a perceived hostile world
Basic anxiety
Horney
Presence of basic anxiety can lead to the development of
the ___ - an overly positive, and perfect image of the self
Idealized Self
Horney’s theory of the self
- The self envisioned as possessing limitless power
- Developed from feelings of inferiority and the desire for love
- One’s view of perfection
Idealized Self
Horney’s theory of the self
- The person one is in everyday life
- True self, irrespective of others’ perceptions
- Frequently disliked for not meeting idealized expectations
Actualized Self
Horney’s theory of the self
- Negative view of the self
- Based on the lack of love and acceptance by others
- Consists of feelings of inferiority and shortcomings
- The feeling that one is hated; it is assumed that it is one’s true self is the one hated
Despised Self
Horney’s theory of the self
- Unveiled as one discards coping mechanisms for basic anxiety
- A “force” that impels growth and self-realization
- The inner core of personality, one’s potential - the need to be who one truly is
Real Self
Horney
Basic hostility, basic anxiety and the idealized self are said to be ___
Normal
Who
There are two types of tendencies: Formative and Actualizing
Carl Rogers
Roger
- The ability to grow from simple to complex organisms
- Eg. From a child to a teen
Formative Tendency
Rogers
The ability to reach one’s fullest potential
Actualizing Tendency
Who
- Gave emphasis on the subjective experience of a person
- Through life experiences, individuals differentiate from others
Carl Rogers
Rogers
Refers to the aspects of one’s being and experiences that are perceived in awareness
Real Self (Self-concept)
Rogers
This pertains to who you want to become in the future
Ideal Self
Rogers
3 Requirements for the ideal self and real self to overlap
- Congruence/Genuineness
- Empathy
- Unconditional Positive Regard
Rogers
- Acting in advance of a future situation, rather than just reacting
- Taking initiative and actively influencing outcomes, rather than passively adapting or waiting
- More impulsive
Proactive
Rogers
- Self-organizing, proactive, self-reflective and self-regulating as times change
- We are NOT merely reactive organisms shaped by
environmental forces or driven by inner impulses - Less impulsive; you think first
Argentic
Who
Human Agency
Albert Bandura
Bandura
- Essence of humanness; People are self-regulating, proactive, self- organizing and self-reflective
- Consequences of actions that we have decided to do
Human Agency
Features of Human Agency (Bandura)
People are continually changing their plans and are aware of the consequences of their actions
Intentionality
Features of Human Agency (Bandura)
People are able to anticipate the possible outcomes of their actions and select behaviors that will produce the desired outcome
Forethought
Features of Human Agency (Bandura)
The ability to motivate themselves and regulate their actions
Self-reactiveness
Features of Human Agency (Bandura)
People have the ability to examine themselves
Self-reflectiveness
Bandura
Feelings of adequacy, efficiency and competence in coping with life
Self-Efficacy
Sources of Self-efficacy
- Past successes indicate one’s mastery and competence level
- Past accomplishments can boost self-efficacy
Performance Attainment
Sources of Self-efficacy
Watching others succeed enhances self-efficacy, especially when they are similar in abilities
Vicarious Experience
Sources of Self-efficacy
- Verbal feedback and encouraging words may help strengthen levels of self-efficacy
- The “WHO” is also an important factor
Verbal Persuasions
Sources of Self-efficacy
The more composed we are, the greater
one’s self-efficacy is
Physiological and Emotional Arousal
The knower is the?
I-self
The known is the?
Me-self
