Module 2 theories and treatment

Question 1

Which of the following is a criticism leveled against the biological approach to abnormality?

Answer 1

It often ignores the fact that environmental and psychological processes can affect biological functioning.

Question 2

Hispanics in the southwestern United States and in Mexico suffering from psychological problems may consult folk healers, known as:

Answer 2

curanderos.

Question 3

According to Freud, which structure seeks to gratify our wishes and needs in ways that are within the rules of society for their appropriate expression?

Answer 3

Ego

Question 4

________ emerged out of modern psychodynamic theories of psychopathology and shifted focus from the unconscious conflicts of the individual to the client’s pattern of relationships with important people in his or her life.

Answer 4

Interpersonal therapy

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the difference between classical psychoanalysis and more modern psychodynamic therapy?

Answer 5

Psychoanalysis typically involves three or four sessions per week over a period of many years, whereas psychodynamic therapy can be as short-term as 12 weeks.

Question 6

When corticotropin-release factor (CRF) travels from the hypothalamus to the pituitary, the pituitary releases the body’s adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). The bloodstream carries ACTH to the adrenal gland and various other organs. This example illustrates the complex relationship between:

Answer 6

the central nervous system and the endocrine system.

Question 7

Which of the following is the greatest limitation of the cognitive theories?

Answer 7

Cognitive theories have had difficulty proving that maladaptive cognitions precede and cause disorders rather than being the symptoms or consequences of the disorders.

Question 8

The object relations perspective suggests that:

Answer 8

early interpersonal relationships influence an individual’s self-concept and personality development.

Question 9

Terrence’s father abandoned him and his mother when he was six years old. When asked about his father, he says that his father died. Although his father has tried to contact him, Terrence insists that his father is dead. Which of the following elements of Freudian theory would best explain Terrence’s behavior?

Answer 9

Defense mechanism

Question 10

Lucy rejects her therapist’s interpretation of her conflict. Her reasoning is that the therapist really has no idea what she is actually going through. According to Lucy, her therapist has only book knowledge and has no idea what goes on in the real world. Lucy is most likely exhibiting ________ the therapeutic process.

Answer 10

resistance toward

Question 11

The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure and not something else altogether is representative of ________ validity.

Answer 11

construct

Question 12

Which of the following is used to assess people’s typical ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving?

Answer 12

A personality inventory

Question 13

Projective tests:

Answer 13

rely on subjective interpretations by clinicians

Question 14

Which of the following is the most current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)?

Answer 14

DSM-5

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true of child psychopathology

Answer 15

Parents’ perceptions of their children’s well-being are rarely influenced by their own symptoms of psychopathology and their expectations for their children.

Question 16

A set of syndromes and the rules for determining whether an individual’s symptoms are part of one of these syndromes constitute a(n)

Answer 16

classification system.

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding intelligence tests is NOT correct?

Answer 17

Intelligence tests are controversial, and there is little consensus as to what intelligence means.

Question 18

Which of the following brain-imaging techniques is considered the most effective?

Answer 18

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 19

During an initial interview, Diane, a clinician, notes that her client tends to laugh excessively at his own jokes. He has disheveled hair and soiled clothes. Which types of information has Diane noted about her client?

Answer 19

Mood and affect; appearance and behavior

Question 20

Cynthia wants to become a police officer. Applicants for the police academy must take a battery of tests before admission. Cynthia took a test that had sentences describing moral and social attitudes, behaviors, psychological states, and physical conditions. She was also instructed to respond to each sentence with either “true,” “false,” or “can’t say.” Cynthia most likely took the

Answer 20

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).