Module 1 Current and historical perspectives

Question 1

Operant or instrumental conditioning was theorized by

Answer 1

Thorndike and Skinner.

Question 2

Which Greek term is used today to refer to physiological symptoms that are probably the result of psychological processes?

Answer 2

Hysteria

Question 3

Prior to the eleventh century, which of the following was most often seen as the cause of bizarre behavior?

Answer 3

Severe emotional shock

Question 4

The supernatural perspective on abnormality most supported ________ as an approach to treatment.

Answer 4

exorcism

Question 5

During the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, European mental hospitals humiliated mentally ill patients by:

Answer 5

exhibiting their conditions to the public for a fee.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about a widespread response to individuals who were considered insane in ancient times?

Answer 6

The state could take rights away from people declared insane and could award the property of insane people to their relatives.

Question 7

The cognitive revolution shifted psychological perspectives away from behavior toward

Answer 7

internal processes such as attention, interpretation of events, and beliefs.

Question 8

The goal of managed care is to

Answer 8

coordinate services for an existing medical problem and to prevent future medical problems.

Question 9

Individuals dealing with psychological problems related to being unemployed would mostly likely seek assistance to find a job from a

Answer 9

clinical social worker.

Question 10

In the late 1700s, James was isolated from the public by his family members on account of his mental illness. His family kept him locked in a room, and brought him his meals. However, his brother began to allow him to move more freely throughout the house. In addition, he was allowed to sit outside and work in the garden. The new approach to James’ caregiving is representative of the

Answer 10

moral treatment model.

Question 11

Cross-sectional studies observe:

Answer 11

different groups at only one point in time.

Question 12

When the conclusions drawn from a study are widely applicable to other individuals or groups, this is known as

Answer 12

generalizability

Question 13

________ studies allow researchers to search for associations between specific genetic abnormalities and psychopathology.

Answer 13

Molecular genetic

Question 14

A(n) ________ variable is a factor researchers try to predict or the outcome they are interested in studying.

Answer 14

dependent

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true about case studies?

Answer 15

Case studies are the most apt method for capturing the uniqueness of an individual’s perspective and experiences.

Question 16

Which of the following is the independent variable in a study that investigates the impact of religious environments on discipline problems in children?

Answer 16

Religious environments

Question 17

Epidemiological studies:

Answer 17

provide valuable information on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for disorders.

Question 18

A multimethod approach in research means that:

Answer 18

a variety of methods are used to study the same issue.

Question 19

Steven was participating in an experimental study where the experimenter interacted with the participants. After several conversations, the experimenter started unintentionally providing subtle hints about the way Steven should behave during the experiment. By doing so, the experimenter ran the risk of creating

Answer 19

demand characteristics.

Question 20

Dr. Wayne and his associates developed a new therapy for anxiety. In their research, they had participants who met the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Group 1 received no treatment while Group 2 received the newly developed treatment for GAD. In this example, Dr. Wayne and his associates most likely used a ________ group.

Answer 20

simple control