Module 2. The Beauty of Codes Flashcards
symbolic way to represent information
code
in qualitative inquiry, a code is most often a __ or a __ __
- word
- short phrase
Seven (7) Roman numeral symbols that have a fixed integer value
I, V, X, L, C, D, M
Used by ancient Egyptians in their writing system
hieroglyphics (or sacred writings)
- basically a logographic system
- one of the world’s great writing systems
Chinese writing
each graph or character corresponds to one meaningful unit of the language, not directly to a unit of thought
logographic
number system that uses only two values to represent codes and data
binary system
two values of the binary system
0,1 : off, on
binary system is the foundation on which __ __ is built
digital technology
How do you convert a decimal number to binary
Remainder method
MSB
Most significant bit
Where is the MSB located
Bottom
LSB
Least significant bit
Where is the LSB located
Top
An optical, machine-readable, representation of data
Barcode
How do traditional barcodes systematically represent data
Varying widths and spacings of parallel lines
Traditional barcodes may be referred to as
Linear or one-dimensional (1D)
Two-dimensional variants of barcodes were developed using what kind of patterns
- Rectangles
- Dots
- Hexagons
- Other geometric patterns
Two-dimensional variants of barcodes are called
Matrix codes or 2D barcodes
Initially, barcodes were scanned by what
barcode readers (special optical scanners)
Who invented barcodes
- Norman Joseph Woodland
- Bernard Silver
When was the barcode patented
1952 in the United States
Task that barcodes became almost universal
Automate supermarket checkout systems
The use of barcodes spread to many other tasks that are generically referred to as
Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC)
UPC
Universal Product Code
Where was the first UPC barcode found
Pack of Wrigley Company’s Juicy Fruit Gum
When was the first UPC barcode placed
June 26, 1974
A specific type of 2D barcode that have recently become very popular
Quick Response (QR) codes
Barcoding eliminates the occurrence of __ __ since through the use of bar scanner, transmitting data is fast and reliable and takes lesser time than entering them manually
Human error
Used to identify individual items, specific products, people, account or documents
Identification numbers
Single positive number or a string of digits, sometimes separated by dashes or spaces
Numeric identification number
Example of a numeric identification number
Tax Identification Number (TIN)
Has a string of digits, letters or/and even other symbols
Alphanumeric identification number
Example of alphanumeric identification number
Vehicle plate
Used to verify errors on identification numbers
Check digit or check sum
12-digit identification number of a retail item
Universal Product Code (UPC)
Where do manufacturers apply to join the UPC system
Uniform Code Council (UCC)
UPC is referred to as ___ in the United States
UPC-A
d1: 0
General groceries
d1: 2
Meat products
d1: 3
Drug and health products
d1: 4
Non-food items
d1: 5
Coupons
d1: 6,7
Other items
d1: 1,8,9
Reserved for future use
Second set of the UPC identifies the
Manufacturer
Second set of the UPC consists of how many digits
Five digits
The third set of the UPC consists how many digits
Five digits
The third set of the UPC identifies the
Product
d12
Check digit
Valid barcode
Divisible by 10
Numbering system used in global trade to identify a specific retail product type, in a specific packaging configuration, from a specific manufacturer
International Article Number (aka European Article Number or EAN)
The EAN numbering system includes what
EAN-2
EAN-5
EAN-8
EAN-13
Most commonly used EAN code
EAN-13 code
UPC-A format barcodes have in tradition been used in
the USA
EAN-13 format barcodes have been used
Throughout the rest of the world
What does the EAN-13 barcode consist
Country code, manufacturer code, product code, and check digit, respectively
What is our country code
480
What are the digits being multipled by 3 in UPC-A
Odd-numbered digits
What are the digits being multipled by 3 in the EAN-13
Even-numbered digits
Who invented the QR code
Denso-Wave, Toyota subsidiary
When was the QR code invented
1994
Why was the QR code invented
To track vehicles during manufacturing process
The QR code is detected as a _______ by a _______
- As a Two-dimensional digital image
- By a semi-conductor image sensor
What does the sensor locate in the QR code
- Three distinctive squares at the corners of the image
- uses a smaller square near the 4th corner to normalize the image
The higher the error correction level, the
Less storage capacity
Level: Low
No. of codewords that can be restored:?
7
Level: Medium
No. of codewords that can be restored:?
15
Level: Quartile
No. of codewords that can be restored:?
25
Level: High
No. of codewords that can be restored:?
30
