Module 2, Section 2 Flashcards
What is the composition of the s sub-shell?
1 orbital, 2 electrons, spherical shape.
What is the composition of the p sub-shell?
3 orbitals, 8 electrons, dumbbell shape.
What is the composition of the d sub-shell?
5 orbitals, 18 electrons
What is the composition of the f sub-shell?
7 orbitals, 32 electrons.
How is boron different?
6 electrons in outer shell for example boron trifluoride
How is sulfur different?
12 in outer shell,for example sulfur hexafluoride. Its known as ‘expanding the octet’
KEY DEFINITIONS Ionic bond and covalent bond.
Ionic - strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Covalent - strong electrostatic attraction between shared pair of electrons and nuclei of bonded atoms.
Electron configuration of Ca
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Electron configuration of K
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Electron configuration of Kr
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6
Electron configuration of 02-
1s2
2s2
2p6
What is the shape and bond angel of BeI2?
Linear, 180 degrees
What is the shape and bond angle of BCL3?
Trigonal planar, 120 degrees
What is the shape and bond angle of SiH4?
Tetrahedral, 109.5 degrees
What is the shape and bond angle of H2C=0?
Trigonal planar, 120 degrees
What is the shape and bond angle of CS2?
Linear, 180 degrees
What is the shape and bond angle of NH3?
Trigonal pyramidal, 107 degrees
What is the shape and bond angle of H2O?
Non-linear, 104.5 degrees
KEY DEFINITION
Electronegativity
An atom’s ability to attract the shared pair of electrons from a covalent bond
How does an induced dipole-dipole interaction come about?
1) At any one moment, electrons in an atom are likely to be more to one side than another, creating a temporary dipole.
2) This dipole can cause another in the opposite direction in a neighbouring atom, and this process continues like a domino roll.
What is hydrogen bonding?
A bond between hydrogen and either nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.
Hydrogen has a high charge density and fluorine, nitrogen and oxygen are very electronegative.
The bond is very polarised, forming between a hydrogen on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on another.
