Module 2: Section 1 Flashcards
Plasma (cell surface) membrane
Description
Function
Description:
- Membrane found on surface of animal cells inside the cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells.
- Made of lipid and protein
Function:
- Regulates movement of substances in + out of cells
- Has receptor molecules which respond to chemicals (eg hormones)
Cell wall
Description
Function
Description:
- Rigid structure surround plant cell
- Made up of cellulose (carbohydrate)
Function:
- Support plant cells
Nucleus
Description
Function
Description:
- Large organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope
- Contains pores
- Contains chromatin (made of DNA and proteins)
- Has inside a nucleolus
Function:
- Controls cells activities
- The DNA make proteins
- Pores allow substances (eg RNA) in and out to move between nucleus + cytoplasm
- Makes ribosomes
Lysosome
Description
Functions
Description:
- round organelle
- surrounded by membrane
Function:
- has digestive enzymes - kept separate from the cytoplasm
- used to digest invading cells
- break down worn out components of the cell
Ribosome
Description
Function
Description:
- Small organelle
- either floats free or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- made up of proteins and RNA .
- not surrounded by a membrane.
Function:
- site where proteins are made.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Description
Function
Description:
- System of membranes in closing a fluid filled space
- Covered with ribosomes
Function:
- Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosome.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Description
Function
Description:
Similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum
No ribosomes
Function:
Synthesises and processes lipids
Vesicles
Description
Function
Description:
Small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm
Surrounded by a membrane
Function:
Transport substances in and out of the cell
Some formed by the Golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum
Others are formed at cell surface
Golgi apparatus
Description
Function
Description:
Fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs
They are often seen at the edge of sacs
Function:
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins
Also makes lysosomes
Mitochondrion
Description
Function
Description: Oval-shaped Have double membrane Inner one is folded called cristae Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration
Function:
Side of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced
Found in large numbers in cells are active and require lots of energy
Chloroplast
Description
Function
Caption:
Small flat in structure in plant cells
Surrounded by a double membrane
Inside have thylakoids membrane these membranes are stacked up in some parts of chloroplast to form grana
Grana are link together by lamellae
Lamellae is thin, flat pieces of thylakoids membrane
Function:
Site where photosynthesis takes place
Some parts happen in grana
Other parts happen in the stroma ( thick fluid in chloroplast)
Centriol
Description
Function
Description :
Small hollow cylinders made of microtubules (protein cylinders)
Found in animal cells but only some plant cells
Function:
Involve the separation of chromosomes during cell division
Cilia
Description
Function
Description:
Small hair like structures on surface membrane of some animal cells
In cross-section have an outer membrane and the ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules with two microtubules in the middle
Function:
microtubules allow the cilia to move.
This movement is used by the cell to move substances along the cell surface.
Flagellum
Description
Function
Description:
Flagella on eukaryotic cells are like cilia but longer
Stick out from cell Service
Surrounded by plasma membrane
They have two microtubules in the centre and nine pairs around the edge
Function:
Microtubules contract to make the flagella move forward
