Module 2: Risk Factors Underlying Disaster Flashcards
Disaster Risk has three important element such as:
- Exposure
- Hazard
- Vulnerability
The “elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event” (Quebral, 2016).
Exposure
A potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or human activity that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.
Hazard
The condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, FAO 2008).
Vulnerability
Reduction of the level of vulnerability and exposure is possible by ______________ .
keeping people and property as distant as possible from hazards.
Are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure or reducing capacity.
Risk Factors
These are also taken into consideration when risk factors underlying disaster are involved:
- Severity of exposure
- Gender and family
- Age
- Economic status of the country
Factors which underlie Disasters:
- Climate Change
- Environmental Degradation
- Globalized Economic Development
- Poverty and Inequality
- Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
- Weak Governance
Is the change that can be attributed “directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.”
Climate Change
Changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards.
For instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges (UNISDR, 2009).
Environmental Degradation
It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale.
Dominance and increase of wealth in certain regions and cities are expected to have increased hazard exposure (Gencer, 2013).
Globalized Economic Development
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures.
Poverty and Inequality
A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated in cities. The growing rate of urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty.
Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
_____________ zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
Weak Governance
