Module 2 quiz Flashcards
In the inflammatory response what happens?
- Histamine causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable bringing more blood (fluid and cells) to infected area
- White blood cells ingest (phagocytose) invading organisms
- Fluid (plasma) may contain antibodies that act against invading organisms
A Male patient had a wisdom tooth removed at the dental office 4 days ago. If he developed a post operative infection, signs and symptoms could include what?
- Fever and malaise
- Inflammation of site
- Swollen cervical lymph nodes
Infection is correctly defined as what?
Pathogens present with no specific symptoms
A person who harbours staphylococcus aureus in their nose with no symptoms is termed what?
A carrier
A chronic carrier is defined as a person who carries potentially pathogenic microbes for how long?
More than six months
Common portals of entry include what?
- Non intact skin and mucous membranes
- The plancenta
- Parenteral
What is Normal Flora?
- Usually prevents pathogens from colonizing
- Is generally the same from person to person for a given site
- May be altered by excessive moisture on the skin
The current trend in hospital care is to shorten the hospital stay for surgical patients. What effect will this have on the incidence of nosocomial infections?
IT should reduce the risk of nosocomial infection. There are far less pathogenic bacteria in the home environment and they are less likely to be antibiotic resistant
Normal flora microorganisms may be what?
Destroyed with some antibiotics
What is MRSA?
- Stands for major risk staphylococcus aureus
- Is much more virulent than regular staphylococcus aureus
- Infection often require treatment with vancomycin
If you developed a “staph” infection after touching an arm rest smeared with purple not exudate from a patient’s infected finger, it would be termed what?
Indirect contact transmission
IF you developed infectious mononucleosis from kissing someone special it would be termed what?
Direct contact transmission
If you developed an infection after being coughed on while you were working directly over a patients mouth, it would be termed what?
Droplet type of contact transmission
An endogenous infection is defined as?
Microbes from within the host body causing infection
The components of the chain of infection include what?
- Reservoir
- Mode of transmission
- Susceptible
Current “super bugs” include what?
- MRSA, VRE, and C. Difficult
- Area resistant to many antibiotics
- Cause infections which are not necessarily worse - just harder to treat
An example of an infection is what?
Staphylococcus aureus have penetrated the skin via a hair follicle and caused localized inflammation
The most common nosocomial infection seen in hospital patients is what?
Urinary infection
A systemic infection is defined as what?
Infection involving several organs
An opportunistic microorganism is what?
May cause infection in patients who have lowered body defences
An example of colonization is what?
Normal skin staphylococci growing on the inner surface of an intravenous line without causing any harm to the patient
An example of contamination is what?
Fecal bacteria on the outer surface of an vinyl glove
If you developed tuberculosis from droplet nuclei produced by a person coughing on your last airline trip it would be termed what?
Vehicle transmission
The most common reservoir of human disease is what?
Other people
Disease is correctly defined as what?
Pathogens present with symptoms
Infection prevention and control programs are what?
- Required to monitor nosocomial infections
- Usually overseen by IPC practitioners
Endotoxins are what?
- Cause generalized symptoms such as fever malaise and even shock due to decreased blood pressure
- Are released when gram negative cell walls break down
- Are an example of a virulence factor
An antibiotic is what?
- Is defined as a substance that inhibits the growth of, or kills bacteria
- Suspectibility/ resistance test can be performed in the lab
- Are becoming less effective against many microbes
Flowers may not be allowed in some hospital rooms because?
The water maybe the reservoir of infectious bacteria
If you developed hepatitis from infected blood, it would be termed what?
Vehicle transmission
If you developed west Nile symptoms after a mosquito bite, it would be termed what?
Vector transmission
Which of the following body activities does not contribute to fever?
- Shivering
- Constricted blood vessels
- Dilated blood vessels
- Chills
Dilated blood vessels
If you developed food poisoning, it would be termed what?
Vehicle transmission
Exotoxins are what?
- Cause host damage in specific target tissues away form the site of infection
- Are secreted by some gram positive bacilli
- Are examples of virulence factor
Clostidium difficile may be found where?
In feces that contaminates bed rails, canes, exercise equipment etc.
Virulence factors do what?
Determine the degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism
Which of the following is not a cardinal (important) sign/ symptom of inflammation ?
- Cool skin
- Redness
- Pain
- Swelling
Cool skin
The presence of Escherichia Coli in water supply indicates contamination from what?
A fecal source
VRE is what?
- May be found in feces
- Are vancomycin resistant enterococcus (enterococci)
- Are of concern as they may transfer vancomycin resistance to MRSA
Fever is best defined as what?
An increase of 1.0 degrees C over normal
Which of the following would not be a parenteral route of entry?
- Intravenous injection
- Ingestion of contaminated food
- Intramuscular injection
- Insect bite
Ingestion of contaminated food
