Module 2- Personal Hygiene and Comfort

Question 1

what are developmental changes of skin for female adolescents?

Answer 1

growth and maturation of the integument increases, estrogen secretion causes skin to become soft, smooth, and thicker (increased vascularity)

Question 2

what are developmental changes of skin for male adolescents?

Answer 2

growth and maturation of the integument increases, increased thickness of the skin with some darkening in colour

Question 3

what is the function of feet?

Answer 3

provide support and absorb shock

Question 4

what are the developmental considerations for the oral cavity in aging people?

Answer 4

• aging teeth become brittle, drier, and darker

- gums loose vascularity and tissue elasticity

Question 5

what is a complete bed bath?

Answer 5

used with patients who are totally dependent and require total hygiene care

Question 6

what is a partial bed bath?

Answer 6

involves bathing only parts that would cause discomfort or odour if not cleaned, and areas not easily reached by patients

Question 7

what does routine foot and nail care entail?

Answer 7

soaking to soften cuticles, thorough cleansing, drying and proper nail trimming (exception are those with diabetes, no soaking due to risk of infection)

Question 8

what are personal preferences that would influence how someone performs personal hygiene?

Answer 8

-Social Practices
▪Personal preferences
▪Body Image
▪Socioeconomic status
▪Health Beliefs & Motivation
▪Cultural variables▪Physical Condition

Question 9

list guidelines for dressing/undressing? and what are the acronyms for remembering what side to start with for dressing/undressing?

Answer 9

✓Provide for privacy. Do not expose the person.
✓Encourage the person to do as much as possible.
✓Allow the person to choose what to wear.
✓Remove clothing from the strong or good side first.
✓Put clothing on the weak side first.
TOS- take off strong
POW- put on weak

Question 10

what are the benefits of bathing?

Answer 10

✓Removes perspiration, dirt, and germs
✓Refreshes patients and makes them more comfortable
✓Stimulates circulation
✓Helps prevent skin problems
✓Provides exercise

Question 11

what are the four main types of baths?

Answer 11

• complete bed bath
• partial bed bath
• tub bath
• shower

Question 12

what type of patients would get a complete bed bath?

Answer 12

✓Unconscious
✓Paralyzed
✓In a cast or traction
✓Weak from illness or surgery

Question 13

how warm should patient rooms be?

Answer 13

20-23 degrees-a little warmer if infant, but cooler if acutely ill (head injury) due to lower the body’s metabolic demands and reduce intracranial pressure.

Question 14

what should you focus on with bed making?

Answer 14

• bed linens are clean and dry and free of wrinkles
• bed linens should be straightened when they become loose/wrinkled throughout day
• bed linens should never be shaken
• clean linen should immediately be discarded if touches floor

Question 15

what is the aseptic technique with bed making?

Answer 15

-wash hands
-Shaking linens or fluffing in air spreads dust and germs
-Hold and carry linen away from uniform
▪Dirty linen makes you dirty
▪Clean linen gets dirty

Question 16

how often is perineal hygiene needed with routine catheter care?

Answer 16

twice daily at least: after bowel movement or as needed for patient with an in-dwelling catheter

Question 17

all patients using a catheter must have at least ____mL of fluids daily. Why is this amount good?

Answer 17

2000-2500. it flushes the bladder and keep catheter tubing free of sediment

Question 18

how can catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) be reduced?

Answer 18

• Regular perineal care
• Preventing catheter-related trauma
-Removing indwelling catheters as soon as possible

Question 19

inadequate bladder emptying (requiring intervention) can indicate?

Answer 19

• Abdominal pain and distention
• A sensation of incomplete emptying
• Incontinence
• Constant dribbling of urine
-Voiding in very small amounts

Question 20

what are the expected outcomes following catheter care/catheter removal?

Answer 20

• genital area is free of secretions, fecal matter, and irritation
• patient is comfortable
• patient voids atleast 150mL with each voiding no more than 6-8hrs after removal
• patient verbalizes complete bladder emptying and no discomfort
• patient can identify signs and symptoms of UTI

Question 21

what includes oral hygiene?

Answer 21

-maintains healthy state of mouth, teeth, gums, lips, and tongue

Question 22

what does denture care entail?

Answer 22

• clean dentures on regular basis to avoid gingival infection and irritation
• must be removed at night to give gums rest and prevent bacteria buildup
• should be kept in water when not worn to prevent warping

Question 23

what is the term dental caries?

Answer 23

chalky white discolouration of a tooth or presence of brown or black discolouration

Question 24

what is gingivitis?

Answer 24

inflammation of gums

Question 25

what is Periodontitis?

Answer 25

receding gum lines, inflammation, gaps between teeth (can occur with old age)

Question 26

what do the terms Halitosis, Cheilosis, Stomatitis mean?

Answer 26

Halitosis- bad breath
Cheilosis- cracking of the lips
Stomatitis- inflammation of the oral tissues