Module 2 : Neoplastic Disease Flashcards
1
Q
typical US appearance of hemangioma of the liver
atypical US appearance of hemangioma
A
small, usually < 3cm
hyperechoic, homogenous and well defined
no colour flow
heterogenous w/ hypo central area
2
Q
in which gender is FNH more common
why
A
women
influenced by hormones
3
Q
describe FNH
A
hyperplastic leison made up of normal liver tissue in an abnormal configuration… next most common after hemangioma
4
Q
can hemangiomas of the liver increase in size w/ preg or estrogen therapy (HRT)
A
yes
5
Q
describe a hemangioma of the liver
A
most common benign tumor in the liver, made of many small blood capillaries
6
Q
how will a hemangioma appear in a fatty liver
A
hypoechoic
7
Q
US appearance of liver lipoma
A
hyperechoic
very similar to hemangioma
8
Q
describe a liver adenoma
symptoms?
A
uncommon benign tumor, next most common after FNH
USUALLY asymp.
9
Q
general info about benign neoplasms: symptoms lab tests appearance growth vascularity
A
often asymptomatic no change in lab tests well defined and encapsulated slow growing hypo or avascular
10
Q
what 2 things are liver adenomas linked to
A
linked to BCPs and type 1 glycogen storage disease
11
Q
2 risks associated w/ liver adenomas
A
hemorrhage or infarct due to large size
12
Q
what is a neoplasm
can they be diffuse or focal
A
abnormal tissue growth, cells proliferating at a fast rate
yes
13
Q
treatment for FNH
A
conservative, depends on size
14
Q
what other types of imaging/testing can be used to correlate w/ the finding of a benign liver neoplasm
A
contrast CT, MRI RBC cell scintigraphy (nuch med) sulphur collloid contrast US biopsy
15
Q
how will FNH look on a sulpher colloid nuch med scan
why
A
hot or warm
the kupffer cells will eat up the sulpher colloid
16
Q
what does type 1 glycogen storage disease cause
another name for it
A
fatty liver and liver failure due to too much glycogen
Von Gierke’s Disease
17
Q
follow up for hemangiomas of the liver
A
re-scan in 6 month and look for changes
18
Q
describe an adenoma of the GB
A
the only true neoplasm of the GB, can be pedunculated
19
Q
Are Desmoid tumors more common in M or W
What age grp
A
W due to C sections
20-40
20
Q
best way to differentiate b/w FNH and adenoma
A
sulphur colloid… hard to differentiate on US
21
Q
what does exophitic mean
A
‘sticking out’ of the organ
22
Q
are most adenoma of the adrenal gland hyper or non functioning
A
non
23
Q
describe adenomyomatosis
can it be focal or diffuse
A
exaggeration of the RA sinuses and proliferation of the smooth muscle wall of the GB which cause cholesterol crystals to become trapped in the walls
yes
24
Q
if angiomyolipomas are exophitic, why can they be hard to see
A
blend in w/ renal fat
25
US appearance of an adenoma of the adrenal gland
solid, round
| hypo
26
treatment for liver lipomas
conservative
27
Describe a pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland
Symptoms
Hyperfunctiioning tumour of the medulla
Hypertension
Palpating
Tachycardia
Excessive sweating
28
are benign neoplasms of the spleen rare or common
rare
29
What lab tests will be evaluated w/ pheochromocytoma
Urinary catecholamines
30
what does 'myelo' mean
bone marrow or bone forming elements
31
pheochromocytomas are associated w/ which conditions
Tuberous sclerosis
MEN syndrome (multiple endocrine neoplasia... can be benign or malignant)
32
are myelolipomas of the adrenal gland more common in one gender
no
33
what does the term functioning refer to
hormone producing
34
describe angiomyolipomas (AML) in the kidney
arise from renal cortex
made up of blood vessels, muscle and fat
most common benign neoplastic mass of kidneys
35
Which tumors are the most common tumor of the abdo wall
Desmoid tumor
36
statistically, are most focal areas seen in the GB polpys or adenomas
polyps (65%)
37
How can pheochromocytomas effect the panc
Can displace panc tail anteriorly
38
is US conclusive in diagnosing a cavernous hemangioma in the spleen
why
no, due to variable appear.
39
describe a cavernous hemangioma/hemangioma or the spleen
congenital
| most common benign neoplasm of the spleen, but not commonly seen
40
typically, are benign islet cell tumors usually functioning or non functioning
functioning... while most malignant ones are non functioning
41
angiomyolipomas are most common in which gender and age grp
women
| middle age
42
US appearance of a myelolipoma of the adrenal gland
hyper, can blend in w/ perirenal fat
< 5 cm
propagation speed artifact
43
US appearance of angiomyolipomas in the kidney
hyper, well defined
unilateral usually
low blood flow
44
what benign liver neoplasm is rare in the liver but common in the body else-where
lipoma
45
how does adenomyomatosis effect the size of the GB wall
thickens it... will be >3 mm when distended
46
how will an adenoma appear on a sulphur colloid scan
cold
47
US appearance of Desmoid tumor
Hypo and homo
48
if larger, what malignancy can angiomyolipomas mimic
RCC
49
describe a hamartoma
US appearance
rare neoplasm composed of lymphoid tissue
homo, solid, echogenic
50
most common type of islet cell tumor..... is it benign or malignant
where is it typically located in the panc
insulinoma, benign
body or tail
51
describe tuberous sclerosis
fits and zits - seizures and skin growths
52
US appearance of FNH
'stealth leison'
< 8 cm
central scar w/ doppler flow centrally
53
where in the GB is adenomyomatosis most common
fundus
54
another name for angiomyolipoma
renal hamartoma
called the hemangioma of the kidney
55
what is the easiest way to detect FNH when scanning
look for abnorm. contour/displaced vessels
56
is a hamartoma encapsulated
no
57
can polyps and adenomas of the GB be differentiated on US
no
58
when do myelolipomas of the adrenal gland present
5th - 6th decade
59
US appearance of GB adenoma
hyperechoic and homo
<10mm
avascular
60
US appearance of cavernous hemangioma of the spleen
variable
61
can adenomas/oncocytomas mimic RCC
yes, need biopsy to differentiate
62
symptoms/results of hyperfunctioning adenomas of the adrenal gland
endocrine abnormalities...
Cushings syndrome - increased cortisol
Conns disease - increased aldosterone
63
describe a myelolipoma of the adrenal gland
symptoms?
rare, non-functioning neoplasm that might arise from the zona fasciculate
can cause pain
64
what is cholesterolosis/strawberry GB
multiple non shadowing masses fixed to the GB wall
65
describe adenomas/oncocytomas in the kidney
symptoms?
- benign masses that present in the 6th-7t decade of life
- they are identical, differentiated only by size
possible hematuria, pain
66
describe islet cell tumors
most common tumor of the panc
| can be benign or malignant, functioning or non functioning
67
angiomyolipomas are associated w/ which condition
how will angiomyolipomas present sonographically in these patients
tuberous sclerosis
bilateral and multiple angiomyolipomas
68
describe cholesterolosis in the GB
2 types
accumulation of cholestrol in the GB wall
1. cholesterolosis (strawberry GB)
2. cholesterol polyps
69
hemangiomas of the liver are more common in which gender
women - 5:1
70
US appearance of pheochromocytoma
Solid, unilateral
Hypo
Homo or hetero
>2cm
71
what are cholesterol polyps
focal form of cholesterolosis
72
describe a lipoma in the liver
symptoms?
very rare
USUALLY asymp.
73
describe an adenoma of the adrenal gland
arise from adrenal cortex
hyperfunctioning or non-functioning
single and unilateral usually
74
if adenomyomatosis effects the mid part of the GB how will it look
hour glass
75
size difference b/w adenomas and oncocytomas
Adeno: < 3 cm
onco: > 3 cm
76
US appearance of islet cell tumors
```
solid, solitary
usually hypo (larger can be slightly echogenic)
variable in size
```
77
US appearrance of a liver adenoma
variable- usually hyperechoic
8-15 cm
solid, single
central colour w/ doppler
78
Describe a lipoma of the abdo wall
US appearance
Made of fat, mobile and soft on palpation, compressible
Slightly hyper to highly echogenic
79
US appearance of adenomas/oncocytomas
well defined
| hypo or iso
80
in which gender are adenomas/oncocytomas more common
males
81
which benign tumor is equally common in men and women
myelolipoma
82
Describe a Desmoid tumor in the abdo wall
Where is it located
Arises from c-tissue (aponeurosis or fascia) often found at a surgical or laparoscopic site
Anterior abdo wall usually
83
When do pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland present
Are they more common on the R or L adrenal gland
4th - 5th decade of life
R
84
Us appearance of adenomyomatosis
hyperechoic foci in the GB wall w/ comet tail artifact
85
Are Desmoid tumors associated w/ post parting
Yes due to C section
86
what are adenomyomas in the GB
focal, mass like areas of adenomyomatosis
87
treatment for liver adenoma
surgery
88
Describe the growth of Desmoid tumors
Slow, infiltration locally
89
all masses are asymp. unless otherwise written
| encapsulated unless otherwise written
/
90
describe a lymphangioma of the spleen
US appearance
rare neoplasm cause by lymphatic malformation
variable
can appear as a cystic lymphangiomyomatosis (multi-loculated cyst)
91
a GB adenoma < than what size is insignificant
<10mm
92
what are malignant neoplasms
2 different origins
cancerous growths
epithelial
connective tissue
93
what are 3 routes of spread for metastatic cancer
blood
lymphatics
direct invasion (cancer is in direct contact w/ another organ, facilitating spread)
94
HCC is specifically associated w/ which metabolic disorder
GSD - glycogen storage disease
95
another name for HCC
hepatoma
96
the disruption of the production of which protein produced by the liver may cause ascites?
albumin - controls osmotic balance
97
malignant neoplasms of which origin are most common
epithelial
98
risk factors for malignant neoplasms
viruses (HPV, Hep B and C)
family Hx
environment
hormones (HRT)
99
which lab values will be elevated w/ HCC
ALP AST ALT
| and AFP
100
describe Hepatocellular carcinoma
what are its 3 forms
most common primary tumor of the liver occurring in the 6th decade of life
1. focal solitary
2. focal multiple
3. diffuse infiltration
101
another name for hemangiosarcoma
angiosarcoma
102
risk factors for HCC
alcoholic cirrhosis
Hep B and C
toxic metabolites (chronic exposure to chemicals)
metabolic disorders
103
what % of patients w/ HCC will have increased AFP values
70%
104
hemangiosarcomas of the liver are associated w/ which risk factors
arsenic
thorotrast (old xray contrast)
PVC exposure (polyvinyl chloride)
105
is weight loss in older patients always worrisome
yes
106
list some US signs that would be suspicious of malignancy
```
hypoechoic halo
hypo, solid liver mass
multiple liver masses
high velocity signs/arterial waveform in a mass
hypervascular
lymphadenopathy
```
107
describe an epitheloid hemangioendothelioma of the liver
US appearance
rare, malignant, vascular tumor
multiple hypo masses
you will see an indentation of the hepatic capsule that is located directly over the lesion
108
describe lymphoma in general terms
primary malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic syst
can be nodal or extranodal (anywhere in lymph tissue)
109
is HCC more common in W or M
Men
110
what does the term 'blast' refer to
germ cells
111
hepatoblastomas are associated w/ which syndrome
Beckwith-Wiedermann syndrome - over growth syndrome
112
US appearance of Hemangiosarcoma
large
| mixed echogenicity
113
name for malignant neoplasms that have epithelial origin
carcinoma
or more commonly : adenocarcinoma
114
symptoms of hodgkin's lymphoma
fever, weight loss, anemia
painless enlargement of lymph nodes in clavicle and neck area
para-AO lymphadenopathy
115
describe a hepatoblastoma
what age grp does it effect
most common primary liver malignancy in children
often poor prognosis
< 5 yrs
116
3 benign abnormalities that cant be distinguished from the hyperechoic presentation of HCC
hemangioma
adenoma
lipoma
117
2 types of lymphoma
hodgkin's
| non-hodgkin's
118
describe non-hodgkin's lymphoma
which age group does it more commonly effect
type of lymphoma arising from lymphoid tissue, specifically T and B cells
typically effects a older age grp (65-74 yrs)
119
US appearance of hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's
- anechoic, hypo, solid, homo masses seen anterior and posterior to the AO/IVC, may be perceived as poor transmission
- lobulated or scalloped
- splenomagaly
- hydro - nodes compressing ureters
- organ and vessel displacement
120
w/ HCC, is portal or hepatic vein invasion more common
portal
121
which risk factor of HCC is the most common cause of the disease in the west
alcoholic cirrhosis
122
symptoms of non-hodgkin's lymphoma
fever, weight loss, night sweats
painless enlargement of lymph nodes in neck area or axillary
para-AO lymphadenopathy
mets to liver and spleen
123
hemangiosarcomas of the spleen are associated w/ which condition
anemia (70%)
124
US appearance of HCC
often hypo w/ an anechoic halo
<5 cm
high velocity signal w/ doppler
portal/hepatic venous invasion
125
name for malignant neoplasms that have connective tissue origin
sarcoma
126
what % of people w/ hodgkin's lymphoma have para-AO lymphadenopathy
25%
127
what % of people w/ non-hodgkin's lymphoma have para-AO lymphadenopathy
50%
128
US appearance of a hemangiosarcoma of the spleen
similar to cavernous hemangioma in the spleen
129
Another term for GB carcinoma
| Is it associated w/ stones
Adenocarcinoma
Yes
130
does hodgkin's lymphoma effect M or W more
M
131
describe a hemangiosarcoma of the spleen
where does it often spread
rare primary tumor of spleen, often there is mets to the liver
132
Describe a cholangiocarcinoma
What age does it usually occur
a slow growing adenocarcinoma of the bile ducts
50-60 yrs
133
are conditions w/ painless presentations usually more of less worrisome
more
134
US appearance of adenocarcinoma of the GB
- Polyp w/ irregular borders or mass
- Thickening of GB wall (focal or diffuse)
- maybe be invading the liver
135
What does puritus mean
Itchy skin
136
symptoms of HCC
RUQ pain
weight loss
ascites
hepatomegally (= 15.5cm is norm, 17cm upper limit)
137
Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma
- Chronic biliary stasis and inflammation
| - Patient Hx of choledochal cyst or caroli’s
138
proven causes of malignant neoplasms
exposure to carcinogens and radiation
139
What lab value will be elevated with adenocarcinoma of the panc
Lipase
140
Which type of cholangiocarcinoma is most common
Hilar / Klatkins
141
Clinical presentation of adenocarcinoma of the panc
Painless jaundice
Nausea and vomiting
Changes in stool due to obstruction (bile not entering duodenum)
142
Direct signs of adenocarcinoma of the panc on US
>2cm
Hypo
variable echoexture
143
Describe Hilar / Klatkins cholangiocarcinoma
Where do it often occur (location)
Most common cholangiocarcinoma
At the bifurcation of R and L CHD
144
What’s the prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the panc
Poor
145
2 types of cystic neoplasms of the panc
1. Microscopic (serous cystadenoma)
| 2. Macroscopic (mucinous cystadenoma)
146
US appearance of Hilar / Klatkins cholangiocarcinoma
*CBD is norm
*Dilated intrahepatic ducts
solid mass at liver hilum
Bulging of ducts
147
US appearance of a hepatoblastoma
single, solid, large
| mixed echogenicity, poorly defined walls, calcium deposits
148
Describe an adenocarcinoma of the panc
Risk factors for panc adenocarcinoma
Typically effects panc head
Most common malignancy of the panc
Smoking, alcohol and diabetes
149
Where is it common for adenocarcinoma of the GB to spread
Lymph nodes and liver
150
describe a hemangiosarcoma of the liver
what age grp does it typically effect
rare aggressive cancer w/ rapid spread
60-80yrs
151
what are organ and vessel displacement is specific to hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's
floating AO - Ao pushed anteriorly
sandwich - SMA displaced anteriorly
silhouette/mentle sign - enlarged nodes surrounding AO and IVC
152
In what age group does a cystic neoplasm of the panc usually occur
Middle age to older age group
153
In what age group does adenocarcinoma of the panc usually occur
60-80 years
154
US appearance of Macroscopic (mucinous cytadenoma)
Larger cystic areas (>2cm)
| Unilocular or multiocular
155
whats a norm wall thickness of the GI tract when distended and non distended
distended: 3 mm
non distended: 5 mm
156
what are the advantages of CT and angiography over US
better at assessing vascularity and extent/size
157
causes of increased peristalsis
obstrution and inflammation
158
Describe a Microscopic (serous cytadenoma) of the panc
Where does it often occur in the panc
Benign, occurs more often in the panc head
159
Clinical presentation of cholangiocarcinoma
Which lab values will be increased
Vague/insidious
Jaundice/pruritis
Elevated serum bilirubin and ALP
160
3 forms of cholangiocarcinom
Intrahepatic
Distal (region of CBD)
Hilar or Klatskins
161
clinical presentation of GI primary malignant neoplasm
pain
anemia
palpable mass
blood in stool
162
is an adenocarcinoma of the GI tract occurs in the sm. bowel, which area will likely be effected
increased risk of this w/ which disease
ileum
crohns
163
can lymphadenopathy and hyperemia be seen in both benign and malignant conditions of the GI
yes
164
Signs and symptoms of adenocarcinoma of the GB
Similar to chronic cholecystitis (RUQ pain and intolerance to fatty foods)
Jaundice and pruritus in late stages
165
US pattern of thickened gut
target appearance of pseudo kidney
hypo rim (represents thick gut wall) w/ hyper center (residual lumen)
166
When does adenocarcinoma of the GB usually present
6-7th decade of life
167
is adenocarcinoma of the colon common
2 presentations in the colon
yes
polypoid (more often in cecum and AC)
or
annular (descending and sigmoid)
168
US appearance of adenocarcinoma of the GI
what else should you look for in the abdoment
large, hypo mass
thick gut wall w/ characteristic signs
look for nodes and mets
169
describe lymphoma of the GI tract
What age group does it effect
can be primary or mets.... if primary will be non-hodgkins
most common GI tumor in children <10
170
Indirect signs of adenocarcinoma of the panc on US
Dilated panc duct, and bile ducts
Double duct sign
Dilated GB (courvoisier’s GB)
171
what lab value will be elevated w/ a hepatoblastoma
AFP
172
will obstructed and inflamed bowel be compressible
no
173
What is a courvoisier’s GB
Dilated GB that creates palpable mass
174
what is the most common malignant tumor of GI tract
adenocarcinoma
175
describe hodgkin's lymphoma
prognosis?
which age group does it more commonly effect
type of lymphoma that typically effects a younger age grp (15-40 yrs)... spread to other organs but good prognosis
176
US appearance of lymphoma of the GI tract
hypo, solid nodules
target lesion
involves mesenteric nodes
177
what is hippel-lindau
inherited disease where people form both benign and malignant tumors in their body
178
what other areas of the body should you check w/ RCC
```
IVC for tumor invasion (causes leg edema)
renal veins
para AO lymph nodes
contralateral kidney
testes for varicose veins
```
179
clinical presentation of nephroblastoma
```
fever
hematuria
hypertension
palpable mass
anemia
```
180
how will the GI wall look w/ benign conditions that cause thickening
long segment involved
symmetrical thickening
individual layers are still seen
181
the term 'blast' often refers to what
germ cells..... so these conditions are often more common in children
182
what other pediatric tumor could a nephroblastoma be confused with and why
neuroblastoma
183
Describe a Macroscopic (mucinous cytadenoma) of the panc
Uncommon
Malignant, often in a panc tail
184
all primary malignant tumors of the urinary tract are more common in which gender
men
185
another name for nephroblastoma
Wilm's tumor
186
another name for RCC
hypernephroma
187
RCC is associated w/ which 2 conditions
tuberous sclerosis
| hippel-lindau
188
clinical presentation of TCC
gross or microscopic hematuria
189
2 procedure need to diagnose TCC of the bladder
cystoscopy and biopsy
190
describe a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the kidney
arises from the epithelial lining of the collecting system (eg calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder)
191
does the annular form of adenocarcinoma in the colon cause obstruction
yes
192
describe squamous cell carcinoma (bladder)
its associated w/ which conditions
rare, aggressive bladder cancer w/ distal mets
chronic UTIS, stones and strictures
193
how will the GI wall look w/ malignant conditions that cause thickening
short segment involved
asymmetrical thickening
destruction of layers
194
nephroblastoma are associated w/ which conditions
Beckwidth wiedemann
195
US appearance of TCC in the renal sinus
ill defined, hypo mass
196
clinical presentation and US appearance of squamous cell carcinoma (bladder)
same as TCC
197
symptoms for TCC of the bladder
painless hematuria
frequency
dyuria
suprapubic pain
198
US appearance of TCC in the ureters
hydro above the solid mass
199
describe an adenocarcinoma of the prostate
which zone does it commonly effect
most commonly diagnosed cancer in men
peripheral zone, then spreads towards the capsule
200
describe a nephroblastoma
what age does it present
most common malignant renal tumor in children
3-4 yrs
201
US appearance of the Microscopic (serous cytadenoma)
Many small cysts <2 cm
| Can appear solid and echogenic due to multiple cysts
202
US appearance of nephroblastoma
large, well defined, solid, unilateral
variable echotexture
lymphadenopathy and mets
203
describe a cortical cancer of the adrenal
rare, often an adenoma, in cortical region
| can be hyperfunctioning or nonfunctioning
204
US appearance of adenocarcinoma of the prostate
if sm: hypo
if lrg: variable
prostate losses smooth contour
205
US appearance of TCC in the bladder
which areas does it commonly effect
non-mobile mass or thickened wall (blood clot would be mobile)
commonly effect the trigone, lateral and posterior walls
206
signs and symptoms of adenocarcinoma of the prostate
```
asymp.
may have bone pain
weakness
weight loss
PSA elevated
```
207
describe a neuroblastoma
what age grp does it effect
highly malignant tumor arising from adrenal medulla
found in children 4-5 yrs
208
treatment for adenocarcinoma of the prostate
monitor
cryotherapy
radiation (brachytherapy or external beam)
radical prostatectomy (gold standard, risk for nerve damage)
209
clinical presentation of a neuroblastoma
palpable mass
weight loss
failure to thrive
very irritable
210
describe RCC
what age grp does it most often effect
an adenocarcinoma that is the most common malignant renal tumor in adults
50-70
211
3 DDX for TCC in the renal pelvis
blood clot
fungal balls
sloughed papilla (point of pyramid)
212
US appearance of a neuroblastoma
solid, hetero, poorly defined
calcifications
renal displacement
mets to liver and around great vessels
213
a mesothelioma of the peritoneum is associated w/ exposure to what materials
what age group and gender does it effect
asbestos
middle aged men
214
US appearance of cortical cancer of the adrenal
well define, solid mass
variable echogenicity/echotexture
regional and nodal mets
215
4 clinical presentations of excessive hormone production by the adrenals
cushings syndrome (+ cortisol)
Conns disease (+ aldosterone)
viralization/feminization
precocious puberty
216
are cortical cancers usually hyperfunctioning or nonfunctioning in males and females
M: non-func.
F: function.
217
US appearance of mesothelioma of the peritoneum
omental caking/thickening
peritoneal thickeneing
ascites
218
lymphoma of the peritoneum is associate w/ which condition
AIDS
219
are malignant neoplasms of the peritoneum rare
yes
220
US appearance of RCC
variable echogenicity
| hypo rim
221
echotexture tendencies of hyper and non-functioning cortical cancers of the adrenal
hyper: homo
non: hetero
222
at what age does adenocarcinoma of the prostate usually occur
risk factors
>50
age, fatty diet, family Hx
223
Risk factors for GB carcinoma (5 F’s)
```
Female
Fat
40
Fertile
Family Hx
```
224
clinical presentation of RCC
```
flank pain
gross hematuria
palpable mass
hypertension
weight loss
```
225
4 steps for evaluating adenocarcinoma of the prostate
DRE, PSA, TRUS, biopsy
226
describe lymphoma of the peritoneum
US appearance
non-hodgkin's type
hypo mass along the peritoneum
227
most common sites for mets (BALL)
bone
adrenals
liver
lung
228
are primary or secondary cancers the most common malignant tumor(s) of the liver
secondary
229
what lab values will be increase w/ liver mets
LFTs:
Alk phos
AST
ALT
230
Us appearance of GI mets
large, well defined, hypo mass w/ ring down
231
what is peritoneal carcinomatosis
US appearance
diffuse metastatic spread to peritoneum
omental caking/thickening
hypo nodules or masses
ascites
mesenteric thickening or lymphadenopathy
232
which cancers usually mets to the adrenals
lung
breast
melanoma
233
is mets to the GB usually associated w/ gallstones
no (where as primary cancer of the GB are)
234
US appearance of metastatic lymphoma to the kidney
- non-specific renal enlargement and diffusely hypo kidney
- look for vessel/organ displacement due to enlarged nodes
appearance of other types of kidney mets are variable
235
which organ is the 4th most common site of mets
adrenal
| know for registry
236
typical US appearance of panc mets
small hypo mass
237
is adrenal mets usually bilateral
yes
238
is lymphadenopathy often seen w/ mets
yes
239
Acronym for all malignant and benign neoplasms that are more common in women
FAD & HCG
F - FNH
A - AML & adenoma
D - Desmoid
H - Hemangioma
C - Cystic neoplasms of the panc
G - GB carcinoma
240
signs and symp. of liver mets
hepatomegally
jaundice
pain
anorexia/nutritional wasting and muscle deterioration
241
what is pseudomyxoma peritonei
gelatinous ascites that almost always originates from perforated appendiceal epithelial tumor
242
US appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei
complex ascites
| non mobile bowel loops pushed centrally and posteriorly, creating the 'starburst appearance'
243
mets to which organs/areas of the body are rare
spleen
panc
GI tract
bladder
244
is mets to the kidney common
from which organs?
yes
lung, breast, other kidney
245
mets to the abdo wall typically occurs from which primaries
Us appearance
melanoma
hypo mass w/ posterior enhancement (dont confuse w/ a cyst)
246
does liver mets usually produce symptoms
no
247
Acronym for all malignant and benign neoplasms that are more common in men
MAAC HALL
M - Mesothelioma
A - Adenoma of the GI
A - Adenoma of the panc
C - Cholangiocarcinoma
H - HCC
A - Adenoma/oncocytoma of the kidney
L - Lymphoma (Hodgkins)
L - Lymphoma of the GI
All primary malignancies of the peritoneum (mesotheiloma and lyphoma of GI)
and ALL primary malignancies of the urinary tract (not included here)
248
what is needed to determine the origin of mets tumors
biopsy
249
Acronym for all malignant and benign neoplasms that can have a variable US appearance
H[AL]L MARC
H - hemangioma of the spleen/hemangiosarcoma of the spleen
AL - abdo wall lipoma (varying degrees of echogenic)
L - lymphangioma of the spleen
M - mets to the liver
A - adenoma of the liver (often hyper but varies)
R - RCC (vairable ecogenicity)
C - cortical cancer
250
prognosis for pseudomyxoma peritonei
variable
251
most common site for mets to the GI to occur
stomach, then Sm bowel, the colon
252
suggestice US appearance for liver mets
multiple lesions
| hypoechoic halo
253
mets to the retroperitoneum typically occurs from which primaries
testicular
| pelvic tumors
