Module 2 Microbiology Flashcards
what is a cell?
fundamental unit of any living organism
what can you tell me about Eukaryotes?
-they are multicellular organism
-Eu = true
-DNA enclosed by a nuclear membrane
-10x larger than the prokaryotes
what can you tell me about Prokaryotes?
-it is a unicellular organism
-pro = before
-karyo = nut or nucleus
what is a nucleus?
-command center of the cell
-contains cell genetic DNA
-responsible for regulating gene expression, replication and cell division
does prokaryote have a nucleus? if no, tell me why.
no it does not because prokaryotes are simpler organisms in which DNA is NOT enclosed by a nuclear membrane and it is also smaller in size
what is the difference between a cell membrane in a eukaryote and a prokaryote?
the difference is that the cell membrane for a prokaryote is thinner, more flexible and it contains mesosomes
what are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Smooth and Hard
What is a rough endoplasmic reticulum?
it has ribosomes and it is responsible for protein synthesis
what is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
it has no ribosomes and it is responsible for lipid synthesis
what are plastids?
-group of membrane-bound organelles that are found in the cells of plants, algae and some other eukaryotic organisms
what are cytoskeleton?
are protein fibers that provides structural support, shape and organization
what are chromosomes?
thread-like structures composed of DNA and proteins in the nucleus
what are plasmids?
they are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that differs from the chromosomal DNA of an organism
what are ribosomes?
are molecular machines found in all living cells that are responsible for synthesizing proteins
what is a cell wall?
it provides structural support, protection and shape to the cell
what is the main component for the cell wall?
peptidoglycan
what is another term for peptidoglycan?
murein
what is a glycocalyx?
a sugar-rich layer that surrounds the cell membrane in many types of cells
for prokaryotes, what can you tell me about the “capsule”?
-they are highly organized and firmly attached to the cell wall
-serves an antiphagocytic function
for prokaryotes, what can you tell me about the “slime layer”?
-they are not organized, not firmly attached
-enable bacteria to glide along the surface
-prevents desiccation
what is a flagella?
-they are long whip-like motion and rhythmic motion that extend from the cell surface
what is a flagellin?
3 or more threads of protein
what are axial filaments?
are specialized structures found in the spirochetes or a group of spiral-shaped bacteria
what is another term for axial filaments?
endoflagella
