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LIT 12 > MODULE 2: LITERARY APPROACHES > Flashcards

MODULE 2: LITERARY APPROACHES Flashcards

1
Q

the sources of meaning (three answers)

A

text, reader, author

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2
Q

system for understanding how an aspect of the world works, can be used to explain past phenomena and predict future behavior

A

Theory [Science]

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3
Q

Intellectual model that seek to answer a number of fundamental interpretive questions

A

Literary Theory

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4
Q

lead to problem solving, governed by general laws and rules, predict and rely on objective fact

A

hardcore theories

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5
Q

maps ideas but necessarily govern by laws but metaphors and images

A

softcore theories

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6
Q

separating literature from external conditions, wanting to produce a “science of literature”, making the familiar unfamiliar

A

FORMALISM

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7
Q

what century is formalism?

A

20th century

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8
Q

what school made formalism?

A

MOSCOW LINGUISTIC CIRCLE [1915]

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9
Q

what does OPOJAZ stand for?

A

SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF POETIC LANGUAGE

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10
Q

who led OPOJAZ?

A

Viktor Shklovsky

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11
Q

Literature should be approached by means of scientific and objective methodology
FORM, TECHNIQUE & LITERARY DEVICES

A

Science of Literature

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12
Q

aesthetic appeal; no correlation of reader, author, a history; separate LIT. & external correlation, coined by Viktor Shklovksy

A

Defamiliarization

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13
Q

translates to “estrangement” or making strange

A

Ostranenie

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14
Q

Understanding literature through close reading
Asserting that each text has a unique texture
Emphasizing that what and how are inseparable, SURFACE READING INSUFFICIENT; explore every sanctum by noting the presence and patterns of literary devices

A

NEW CRITICISM

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15
Q

when was NEW CRITICISM formed?

A

Anglo-American 1970, post WWI

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16
Q

who coined “The New Criticism”?

A

John Crowe Ransom

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17
Q

author’s intention affect the interpretation of the text

A

intentional fallacy

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18
Q

taking into consideration the emotional and psychological reactions

A

affective fallacy

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19
Q

To New Critics, a special kind of discourse and means of communicating feeling and thought that couldn’t be expressed in any other kind of language

A

Poetry

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20
Q

Meaning is unreliable as the language that communicates meaning itself is unreliable
Impossible to determine fixed underlying meaning in a text
All texts are open to multiple interpretations

A

Deconstructionism

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21
Q

who headed deconstructionism?

A

Jacques Derrida [1960]

22
Q

INFINITE SERIES IN THE CHAIN OF SIGNIFICATION

A

Différance

23
Q

words only gain significance in contrast to what they’re not e.g. light carries meaning because it is not dark.

A

difference

24
Q

moving along a chain of signifiers w/o arriving at a final & absolute meaning; meaning is an eternally unfolding process

A

deferral

25
Q

is not self-contained but rational and dynamic

A

Identity

26
Q

meaning is accessible in the now is challenged; meaning is never truly present and perpetually in a state of becoming

A

presence

27
Q

giving names

A

signification

28
Q

the word itself

A

signifier

29
Q

the concept in our mind + object

A

signified

30
Q

Oldest and widely used critical approach
Understanding events & experiences surrounding the composition of work; especially the life of the author
abandoned in the wake of “New Criticism”

A

Historical-Biographical

31
Q

Literary Text = Historical Situation
Since text and context are mutually constitutive, they create each other.
Literary interpretation is shaped by culture; power manifests itself.

A

New Historicism

32
Q

Who heads new historicism?

A

Stephen Greenblatt [1943]

33
Q

“cultural artifacts that can tell us something about the interplay of discourses. The web of social meanings. Operating in the time and place in which the text was written”

A

Lois Tyson

34
Q

explores the cultural, social and economic legacies left behind in a formerly colonized country.

A

Post-colonialism

35
Q

a key figure in both postcolonialism and New Historicism

A

Harold Aram Veese

36
Q

Interpretations always need a textual support, How readers respond to text clearly matters, maybe more than the text itself

A

Reader Response Approach

37
Q

When did Reader Response Approach start?

A

Germany & USA, late 1960s

38
Q

Focuses on the reader’s psychological experience
How readers create meaning

A

Reader

39
Q

Who the author had in mind when writing, who they expect to react to, pick up upon, interpret, and experience aspects of a text in a certain way.

A

Implied Reader

40
Q

who coined “Implied Reader” ?

A

Wolfgang Iser

41
Q

the person who sits down to read a book

A

Actual Reader

42
Q

Refutes to fulfill the role of implied reader, “refuses to read how it was supposed to be read”

A

Resisting Reader

43
Q

Who coined “resisting reader”?

A

Judith Fetterly

44
Q

differentiates between different groups of ACTUAL READERS.
Individual reader responses must be seen as part of the bigger picture

A

Interpretative Communities

45
Q

Who coined “Interpretative Communities”?

A

Stanley E. Fish

46
Q

All meaning is dependent on the interpretive strategies that different Interpretive communities use
No objectively correct interpretation of text because all interpretations are products of different cultures

A

Fish’s Theory

47
Q

not sheets of words bound together
Needs you to read it to be a text

A

The Text

48
Q

readers’ experience of movement through text is an important factor in creation of meaning
Readers react diff. To texts based on where they are in their reading journey
First reading of the text, different interpretations are produced in comparison to the ones they make once they have finished the text and have a fuller picture of it

A

The Experience

49
Q

effects of context (society & time period)

A

Hans Robert Jauss (1921-1997)

50
Q

implied reader ; response inviting structure

A

Wolfgang Iser (1926-2007)

51
Q

Acceptable and less acceptable interpretations
Text acts as a stimulus and blueprint to interpretation

A

Louise Rosenblatt (1904-2005):

52
Q
A

LIT 12 (6 decks)

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