Module 2 Lesson 1

Question 1

carbon skeleton

Answer 1

the chain of carbon atoms that forms the structural backbone of an organic molecule

Question 2

methyl group

Answer 2

a chemical group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms

Question 3

hydroxyl group

Answer 3

a chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom

Question 4

hydrolosis

Answer 4

a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; process by which polymers are broken down and an essential part of digestion

Question 5

hydrophilic

Answer 5

“water-loving” pertaining to polar or charged molecules (or parts) that are soluble in water

Question 6

carboxyl group

Answer 6

a chemical group consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group

Question 7

carbonyl group

Answer 7

a chemical group consisting of a carbon atom liked by a double bond to an oxygen atom

Question 8

carbohydrates

Answer 8

member of the class of biological molecules consisting of single-monomer sugars, two monomer sugars, and polymers

Question 9

polysaccharide

Answer 9

a carbohydrate of many monosaccharides (sugars) linked by dehydration reactions

Question 10

polymer

Answer 10

a large molecule consisting of many identical or similar monomers linked together by covalent bonds

Question 11

phosphate group

Answer 11

a chemical group consisting of a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

Question 12

glycogen

Answer 12

an extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in liver and muscle tissue cells; the animal equivalent of starch

Question 13

cellulose

Answer 13

a structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls composed of glucose monomers; cellulose molecules are linked to cable-like monomers

Question 14

amino group

Answer 14

a chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms

Question 15

functional group

Answer 15

a specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions

Question 16

isomers

Answer 16

organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties

Question 17

hydrocarbon

Answer 17

an organic compound composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen

Question 18

monosaccharides

Answer 18

the simplest carbohydrate; a simple sugar with a molecular formula that is generally some multiple of CH2O

Question 19

organic compound

Answer 19

a chemical compound containing element carbon and usually the element hydrogen

Question 20

enzyme

Answer 20

a macromolecule, usually a protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 21

dehydration reaction

Answer 21

a chemical reaction in which two molecules are in covalent bond with the removal of a water molecule

Question 22

disaccharide

Answer 22

a sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides linked by a dehydration reaction

Question 23

monomer

Answer 23

the subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer

Question 24

macromolecule

Answer 24

a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction; a protein, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid