Module 1 Lesson 3 Flashcards
Element
when substances cannot be broken down into other substances and retain their characteristic properties
neutron
a neutron is found in the nucleus of an atom. they have no charge and a mass of 1 atomic mass unit
electronegativity
the attraction of electrons to an atom
specific heat
the amount of energy needed to heat a mass of a substance by 1 degree celcius
ionic bond
when atoms gain or lose electrons. when this happens, the atoms will have a charge (ion). the ions with opposite charges will be attracted to each other
Adhesion
when a water molecule forms hydrogen bonds with other molecules
covalent bond
when 2 atoms share electrons to fill the outer energy shell
cohesion
when water molecules form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules
nonpolar covalent bond
if there are two atoms of the same element or the same electronegativity, the pull of the electron is equal and the bond is a nonpolar covalent bond. there is no charge associated with a nonpolar covalent bond.
polar covalent bond
if one atom is more electronegative than another atom, the electron is pulled closer to the atom and the electron is not shared equally. the atom with the greater electronegativity will be slightly negative, due to the fact that a negative electron spends more time around its nucleus. the other atom has a slightly positive charge (lost the negative electron).
proton
protons are found in the nucleus of an atom. they have a positive charge and have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit.
atom
an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of an element that still has the characteristic of the element
isotope
the number of protons is fixed, but the number of neutrons can vary within the same element. thus the same element may have different atomic masses.
electron
electrons are the portion of the atom that orbits the nucleus. they have a negative charge and a mass of zero (essentially)
