Module 2 ( Intellectual Revolutions That Defined Society ) Flashcards
The period where paradigm shifts occured and where scientific beliefs that have been widely accepted and embraced were challenged and appeared 16th century
Copernican Revolution
“The earth is the center of the universe”
- Ptolemy
Geocentric model
the sun is considered as the center of the universe, and the celestial bodies move around the sun.
- Nicolas Copernicus
Heliocentric model
Repositioned the earth and that earth spins in its own axis
Commentariolus
Cassiopeia
Tyco brahe
Planets move in elliptical orbits and the sun at the center
Johaness kepler
Developed his own telescope and observed venus
Galileo galilei
Law of gravitation
Isaac newton
The branch of science concerned with using extremely complicated formulas to describe how a ball rolls
Physics
A British naturalist and biologist known for his theory of evolution and his understanding of the process of “Natural selection”
Charles Darwin
A Theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin and others, stating that all Species arise and develop through natural selection
Darwinism
A quote that originally came from the Darwinian evolutionary theory
Survival of the fittest
Austrian neurologist credited for stirring a 20th century intellectual revolution named after him, Discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective identities which can be studied like physical things, developed psycho analysis
Freudian revolution
Scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts embedded within one’s personality, springing from free associations, dreams and fantasies of an individual
Psychoanalysis
Decision-making component
Works by reason
Ego
Valued and morals
Two systems:
1.conscience
2. Ideal self
Superego
Impulsive & Unconscious
Illogical, irrational & fantasy oriented
ID
Freud’s psychosexual stages:
Birth to 1 year
Erogenous zone: mouth
Oral stage
Freud’s psychosexual stages:
Birth to 1 year
Erogenous zone: mouth
Oral stage
1 to 3 year
Erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control
Anal stage
3 to 6 year
Erogenous zone: Genitals
Phallic stage
6 to puberty
Libido inactive
Latent stage
Freud suggested that humans are inherintly pleasure-seeking individuals
Psychosexual Development
Puberty to adult
Genital stage
- Not supported by empirical data
- one of the most controversial and rejected ideas of freud
Psychosexual development
Boy develops sexual desire for his mother
Oedipus
Girl desires the father, but realizes she does not have a penis
Electra
-The energy created by the survival and sexual instincts
-Part of ID and driving force of all behavior
Libido
Factors that affect libido
Sex hormones
Psychological factor
Social issues
Medical and health conditions
-Dreams represent Unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations
-Dreams are disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes
Dream theory
Made up of the actual thought, and content contained within the dream
Manifest content
Represents the hidden Pyschological meaning of the dream
Latent content
-convergence of computer and improved visual technologies
-present time
The information highway
Means “middle”
Meso
Middle america
Mesoamerica
3 major civilization
(Mesoamerica)
• Maya
• Inca
• Aztec
Civilization lasted 2000 years
One of the most advanced societies in meso america
•known for works on astronomy
• Predicting eclipses
• Calendar systems
• Hydraulics system
Mayan civilization
Sun is located directly at top during spring or Fall equinoxes
CHICHÉN ITZÁ
an event in which a planet’s subsolar point passes through its Equator
Equinox
One of the first civilizations to use a writing system known as the Mayan hieroglyphs
Photographs writing
Useful for planning their activities and in observing their religious rituals and cultural celebrations
Mayan calendar
The most popular ball game were players struck the ball with their hips and are not allowed to use hands
POK-TA-POK
Extensive irrigation system, fed by nine streams ran through palenque to the fields below
Hydraulics system
Made scientific ideas considering their limitations as an old civilization
• Roads paved with stones
• Stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes
• First suspension bridge
• Quipi
• textiles
Inca
Roads were finished with precisely arranged paving stones or cobbles
Inca Road system
This buildings can surmount earthquakes and other disasters
Inca stone buildings
We’re an integral part of “” road system ___ of this type were useful since Inca people did not use wheeled transport
Suspension bridge
Used them for collecting data and keeping records, monitoring tax obligations, properly collecting sensus records, calendrical information and for military organization
QUIPU
Highly decorated textiles came to represent wealth and status, fine cloth could be both used as tax currency, and the very best textiles became the most prized possessions, even more precious than gold and silver
Inca textiles
Has also made substantial contributions to science and technology
• Mandatory education
• Chocolates
• Antispasmodic medication
• Chinampa
• “” calendar
• invention of the canou
Aztec civilization
Chocolates made from the cacao tree known to the aztecs as
Xocatl
Belived to relieve insomnia, epilepsy, and high blood pressure. Give to patients before surgery to relax muscles and prevent muscle spasms
Antispasmodic medication
Reffered to as “floating gardens”
Chinampa
Consisted of a 365 day calendar cycle called ( yearly cycle )
Xiopōhualli
260-day ritual cycle
Tōnalpōhualli
Biggest continent in the world
Host to many cultural, economical, scientific and political activities
Civilization that stood out:
1. China
2. India
Asia civilization
