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Science and Technology > Module 2 ( Intellectual Revolutions That Defined Society ) > Flashcards

Module 2 ( Intellectual Revolutions That Defined Society ) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The period where paradigm shifts occured and where scientific beliefs that have been widely accepted and embraced were challenged and appeared 16th century

A

Copernican Revolution

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2
Q

“The earth is the center of the universe”
- Ptolemy

A

Geocentric model

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3
Q

the sun is considered as the center of the universe, and the celestial bodies move around the sun.
- Nicolas Copernicus

A

Heliocentric model

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4
Q

Repositioned the earth and that earth spins in its own axis

A

Commentariolus

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5
Q

Cassiopeia

A

Tyco brahe

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6
Q

Planets move in elliptical orbits and the sun at the center

A

Johaness kepler

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7
Q

Developed his own telescope and observed venus

A

Galileo galilei

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8
Q

Law of gravitation

A

Isaac newton

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9
Q

The branch of science concerned with using extremely complicated formulas to describe how a ball rolls

A

Physics

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10
Q

A British naturalist and biologist known for his theory of evolution and his understanding of the process of “Natural selection”

A

Charles Darwin

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11
Q

A Theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin and others, stating that all Species arise and develop through natural selection

A

Darwinism

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12
Q

A quote that originally came from the Darwinian evolutionary theory

A

Survival of the fittest

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13
Q

Austrian neurologist credited for stirring a 20th century intellectual revolution named after him, Discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective identities which can be studied like physical things, developed psycho analysis

A

Freudian revolution

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14
Q

Scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts embedded within one’s personality, springing from free associations, dreams and fantasies of an individual

A

Psychoanalysis

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15
Q

Decision-making component
Works by reason

A

Ego

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16
Q

Valued and morals
Two systems:
1.conscience
2. Ideal self

A

Superego

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17
Q

Impulsive & Unconscious
Illogical, irrational & fantasy oriented

A

ID

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18
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stages:

Birth to 1 year
Erogenous zone: mouth

A

Oral stage

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19
Q

Freud’s psychosexual stages:

Birth to 1 year
Erogenous zone: mouth

A

Oral stage

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20
Q

1 to 3 year
Erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control

A

Anal stage

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21
Q

3 to 6 year
Erogenous zone: Genitals

A

Phallic stage

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22
Q

6 to puberty
Libido inactive

A

Latent stage

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23
Q

Freud suggested that humans are inherintly pleasure-seeking individuals

A

Psychosexual Development

24
Q

Puberty to adult

A

Genital stage

25
Q
  • Not supported by empirical data
  • one of the most controversial and rejected ideas of freud
A

Psychosexual development

26
Q

Boy develops sexual desire for his mother

A

Oedipus

27
Q

Girl desires the father, but realizes she does not have a penis

A

Electra

28
Q

-The energy created by the survival and sexual instincts
-Part of ID and driving force of all behavior

A

Libido

29
Q

Factors that affect libido

A

Sex hormones
Psychological factor
Social issues
Medical and health conditions

30
Q

-Dreams represent Unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations
-Dreams are disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes

A

Dream theory

31
Q

Made up of the actual thought, and content contained within the dream

A

Manifest content

32
Q

Represents the hidden Pyschological meaning of the dream

A

Latent content

33
Q

-convergence of computer and improved visual technologies
-present time

A

The information highway

34
Q

Means “middle”

A

Meso

35
Q

Middle america

A

Mesoamerica

36
Q

3 major civilization
(Mesoamerica)

A

• Maya
• Inca
• Aztec

37
Q

Civilization lasted 2000 years
One of the most advanced societies in meso america

•known for works on astronomy
• Predicting eclipses
• Calendar systems
• Hydraulics system

A

Mayan civilization

38
Q

Sun is located directly at top during spring or Fall equinoxes

A

CHICHÉN ITZÁ

39
Q

an event in which a planet’s subsolar point passes through its Equator

A

Equinox

40
Q

One of the first civilizations to use a writing system known as the Mayan hieroglyphs

A

Photographs writing

41
Q

Useful for planning their activities and in observing their religious rituals and cultural celebrations

A

Mayan calendar

42
Q

The most popular ball game were players struck the ball with their hips and are not allowed to use hands

A

POK-TA-POK

43
Q

Extensive irrigation system, fed by nine streams ran through palenque to the fields below

A

Hydraulics system

44
Q

Made scientific ideas considering their limitations as an old civilization

• Roads paved with stones
• Stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes
• First suspension bridge
• Quipi
• textiles

A

Inca

45
Q

Roads were finished with precisely arranged paving stones or cobbles

A

Inca Road system

46
Q

This buildings can surmount earthquakes and other disasters

A

Inca stone buildings

47
Q

We’re an integral part of “” road system ___ of this type were useful since Inca people did not use wheeled transport

A

Suspension bridge

48
Q

Used them for collecting data and keeping records, monitoring tax obligations, properly collecting sensus records, calendrical information and for military organization

A

QUIPU

49
Q

Highly decorated textiles came to represent wealth and status, fine cloth could be both used as tax currency, and the very best textiles became the most prized possessions, even more precious than gold and silver

A

Inca textiles

50
Q

Has also made substantial contributions to science and technology

• Mandatory education
• Chocolates
• Antispasmodic medication
• Chinampa
• “” calendar
• invention of the canou

A

Aztec civilization

51
Q

Chocolates made from the cacao tree known to the aztecs as

A

Xocatl

52
Q

Belived to relieve insomnia, epilepsy, and high blood pressure. Give to patients before surgery to relax muscles and prevent muscle spasms

A

Antispasmodic medication

53
Q

Reffered to as “floating gardens”

A

Chinampa

54
Q

Consisted of a 365 day calendar cycle called ( yearly cycle )

A

Xiopōhualli

55
Q

260-day ritual cycle

A

Tōnalpōhualli

56
Q

Biggest continent in the world
Host to many cultural, economical, scientific and political activities

Civilization that stood out:
1. China
2. India

A

Asia civilization

Science and Technology (3 decks)

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