Module 1 ( Antecedents Of Sts ) Flashcards
is (knowledge from) the careful study of the structure and behavior of the physical world.
SCIENCE
(Natural Philosophers in the Ancient Time) formulate testable
explanations and predictions based on their observations
Scientists
is the application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes
Technology
The Greek word for (art or craft)
Tekhnē
The Greek word for ( Study or Knowledge)
Logia
is a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another
Antecedent
was used not only for transportation but for pottery too
Wheel
originally based on two wheels which were attached with an animal like a horse using wood and ropes.
Chariot
The first form of writing
Cuneiform
was an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in
the southeast by the Arabian Plateau
Mesopotamia
It was used to automate opening of temple doors by lighting a fire on the altar.
Aleophile ( Steam engine )
was a Greek born in 10AD in Alexandria, part of Egypt, invented the Aeolipile or steam engine.
Hero of Alexandria
earliest form of paper like material
Papyrus Sheets
using the power of oxen this revolutionized agriculture
Ox-drawn Plough
was the often used one for writing in hieroglyphs.
Ink
made it possible to differentiate between and predict morning, afternoon and night.
Sunclock ( sundial )
Where was the oldest surviving sun clock was found in the 2013
The valley of Kings
to preserve the human body from decaying
Mummification
This is one of the seven famous wonders of the world, representing a
series of fortifications made initially of stone, earth and later of bricks. It
was erected in 221 BC
The Great wall of China
Originally, it was used in fortune-telling and architecture until the
Chinese figured out it could be used for traveling
Compass
Each of the dragons was facing downwards and had a small ball in its
mouth. In the case of an earthquake
Seismograph
discoveries suggest that it already existed in Ancient China from around 100 BC. Back then and was made from
mulberry tree bark but the creator later included hemp and fishnets to strengthen it.
Paper
was invented in the Tang dynasty in the ninth century by alchemists
searching for an elixir of immortality.
Gunpowder
Mixture of Gunpowder
charcoal, saltpeter
and sulfur
was created in 725 by Yi Xing, a Buddhist monk, astronomer, mathematician and mechanical engineer who lived during the Tang Dynasty (from 618 to 907).. His clock worked by dripping water that activated a wheel
Mechanic Clock
decided the Earth must be a
globe. The concept of a sphere for the
Earth appears in Plato’s Phaedo, but
Aristotle elaborates and estimates the
size. And is also the father is Zoology
Aristotle ( 384 - 322 BC )
was a geometer, military engineer, astronomer, and logician. Probably influenced by Babylonians and Egyptians, ____ discovered the solstice and equinox and is credited with predicting a battle-stopping eclipse thought to be on 8 May 585 B.C.
Thales of Miletus ( 620 - 546 BC )
He invented the gnomon on the sundial (although some say it came from the
Babylonians), providing a way to
keep track of time. He also created a map of the known
world. He was one of the first cartographers
Anaximander of Miletus ( 611 - 547 BC )
a greek philosopher constructed his own version of an alarm clock with vessels much ahead of Ctesibius.
Plato
Ancient alarm clock used by the Egyptians was made by a greek engineer, physicist and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt.
Ctesibius
founded the Ptolemaic System of geocentric astronomy, which held for 1,400 years. He drew maps with latitude and longitude and developed the science of optics
Ptolemy ( 90 - 168 CE )
Their interest in field of science can be seen as far back as the sixth century BC, and they have often been hailed as the fathers of
science, medicine, zoology, and many other areas.
The Greeks
Timekeeping devices have emerged since the ancient world, but it was not until the Middle Ages that the technology was invented that allowed to accurately keep track of time
Mechanical Clock
started a new era of the mass production of books.
Printing Press
Inventor of the Printing Press
Johaness Gutenburg
Its ability to correct vision
problems makes it a much it one of the
most useful medieval inventions and a
great benefit to hundreds of millions of
people today
Eyeglasses
allowed people to harness the energy from natural forces like rivers and wind, a process that continues to the present-day.
Water and Wind mills
replaced the earlier method of hand
spinning, in which the individual fibers
were drawn out of a mass of wool held on
a stick, or distaff, twisted together to form a continuous strand, and then wound on a second stick
The spinning wheel
About 35% of the English population died due to the _____ The mass disruption to medieval society caused by the plague set the progress of science and discovery back.
Black death (Bubonic plague)
• Inventions :
Siege Defenses
War Scythe
Multi-Barrel Gun
Ornithopter
Tank
Helicopter
Airplane Wing
Leonardo Da Vinci
• Arts, Law, Medicine, Astronomy
• Heliocentric Universe
Nicolas Copernicus
• Physics
Isochronous Motion
Parabolic Motion
Inertia (Newton)
• Thermometer
• Telescope
Moon, Jupiter, Saturn, Milky Way
Galileo Galilei
• Pendulum Clock
John Harrison
• Regulating Spiral (1675)
• Theory of Light
Christian Huygens
• Principia (3 books)
Modern Mechanics
Celestial Mechanics
Laws of the Universe
Isaac Newton
• Moveable Type
• Latin Bible
Johaness Gutenburg
marked a period of development in the latter half of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones.
The industrial revolution
commonly referred to as the second Industrial Revolution, started sometime between 1820 and 1870.
The American Industrial Revolution
Thomas Newcomen invents the first
_____
Steam engine ( 1712 )
James Hargreaves, a British carpenter
and weaver, invents The machine spins more than one ball of yarn or thread at a time, making it easier and faster to make cloth.
Spinning Jenny
Eli Whitney creates a machine that
makes it much easier to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber
Cotton Gin
Samuel Morse invents which allows messages to be sent quickly over a wire
Telegraph
At a time when people had to make
their own clothes at home or pay
someone else to sew them by hand, Elias Howe invents the
Sewing machine
Elevators were already invented by
1853, but people worried about elevator cars falling. Elisha Otis invents a safety break to prevent them from falling if a cable breaks.
Safety Brake
Alfred Nobel invents which is a safer way to blast holes in mountains or the ground than simply lighting black powder.
Dynamite
A chemist named Louis Pasteur believed that germs caused disease
Vaccine
He may not have invented the
______, but Alexander Graham Bell was the first to get a patent for it.
Telephone
Not the first man to create a ____4,Thomas Edison created a ___ that lasted longer than other designs
Light bulb
• Robert Goddard
⬗ Liquid-Fueled (1929)
• Werner vonBraun
⬗ V1, V2, V5, Saturn 5
Rockets to space
● Special Theory (1905)
● General Theory
● Quantum Theory
● Big Bang Theory
• Curved, Finite Space
● Atomic Bomb
• Responsibility of Science
Albert Einstein
• Oppenheimer
• Fermi, Berthe, Teller
• Four Sites
• Project Trinity ⬗ Los Alamos ⬗ Ground Zero - Alamagordo
• Fat Man & Little Boy
• Treason
The Manhattan project
• Charles Babbage
• Hollerith & Watson
• Enigma & Colossus
• John vonNeuman
• Ekert & Mockley
• Shockley, Bardeen &Brattain
• Jack Kilby
• Jobs & Wozniak
• Gates & Allen
The computer pioneers
“Invention is
1% Inspiration and
99% Perspiration”
Thomas Edison
