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Science and Technology > Module 1 ( Antecedents Of Sts ) > Flashcards

Module 1 ( Antecedents Of Sts ) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is (knowledge from) the careful study of the structure and behavior of the physical world.

A

SCIENCE

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2
Q

(Natural Philosophers in the Ancient Time) formulate testable
explanations and predictions based on their observations

A

Scientists

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3
Q

is the application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes

A

Technology

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4
Q

The Greek word for (art or craft)

A

Tekhnē

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5
Q

The Greek word for ( Study or Knowledge)

A

Logia

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6
Q

is a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another

A

Antecedent

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7
Q

was used not only for transportation but for pottery too

A

Wheel

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8
Q

originally based on two wheels which were attached with an animal like a horse using wood and ropes.

A

Chariot

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9
Q

The first form of writing

A

Cuneiform

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10
Q

was an ancient region located in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in
the southeast by the Arabian Plateau

A

Mesopotamia

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11
Q

It was used to automate opening of temple doors by lighting a fire on the altar.

A

Aleophile ( Steam engine )

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12
Q

was a Greek born in 10AD in Alexandria, part of Egypt, invented the Aeolipile or steam engine.

A

Hero of Alexandria

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13
Q

earliest form of paper like material

A

Papyrus Sheets

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14
Q

using the power of oxen this revolutionized agriculture

A

Ox-drawn Plough

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15
Q

was the often used one for writing in hieroglyphs.

A

Ink

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16
Q

made it possible to differentiate between and predict morning, afternoon and night.

A

Sunclock ( sundial )

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17
Q

Where was the oldest surviving sun clock was found in the 2013

A

The valley of Kings

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18
Q

to preserve the human body from decaying

A

Mummification

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19
Q

This is one of the seven famous wonders of the world, representing a
series of fortifications made initially of stone, earth and later of bricks. It
was erected in 221 BC

A

The Great wall of China

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20
Q

Originally, it was used in fortune-telling and architecture until the
Chinese figured out it could be used for traveling

A

Compass

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21
Q

Each of the dragons was facing downwards and had a small ball in its
mouth. In the case of an earthquake

A

Seismograph

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22
Q

discoveries suggest that it already existed in Ancient China from around 100 BC. Back then and was made from
mulberry tree bark but the creator later included hemp and fishnets to strengthen it.

A

Paper

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23
Q

was invented in the Tang dynasty in the ninth century by alchemists
searching for an elixir of immortality.

A

Gunpowder

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24
Q

Mixture of Gunpowder

A

charcoal, saltpeter
and sulfur

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25
Q

was created in 725 by Yi Xing, a Buddhist monk, astronomer, mathematician and mechanical engineer who lived during the Tang Dynasty (from 618 to 907).. His clock worked by dripping water that activated a wheel

A

Mechanic Clock

26
Q

decided the Earth must be a
globe. The concept of a sphere for the
Earth appears in Plato’s Phaedo, but
Aristotle elaborates and estimates the
size. And is also the father is Zoology

A

Aristotle ( 384 - 322 BC )

27
Q

was a geometer, military engineer, astronomer, and logician. Probably influenced by Babylonians and Egyptians, ____ discovered the solstice and equinox and is credited with predicting a battle-stopping eclipse thought to be on 8 May 585 B.C.

A

Thales of Miletus ( 620 - 546 BC )

28
Q

He invented the gnomon on the sundial (although some say it came from the
Babylonians), providing a way to
keep track of time. He also created a map of the known
world. He was one of the first cartographers

A

Anaximander of Miletus ( 611 - 547 BC )

29
Q

a greek philosopher constructed his own version of an alarm clock with vessels much ahead of Ctesibius.

A

Plato

30
Q

Ancient alarm clock used by the Egyptians was made by a greek engineer, physicist and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt.

A

Ctesibius

31
Q

founded the Ptolemaic System of geocentric astronomy, which held for 1,400 years. He drew maps with latitude and longitude and developed the science of optics

A

Ptolemy ( 90 - 168 CE )

32
Q

Their interest in field of science can be seen as far back as the sixth century BC, and they have often been hailed as the fathers of
science, medicine, zoology, and many other areas.

A

The Greeks

33
Q

Timekeeping devices have emerged since the ancient world, but it was not until the Middle Ages that the technology was invented that allowed to accurately keep track of time

A

Mechanical Clock

34
Q

started a new era of the mass production of books.

A

Printing Press

35
Q

Inventor of the Printing Press

A

Johaness Gutenburg

36
Q

Its ability to correct vision
problems makes it a much it one of the
most useful medieval inventions and a
great benefit to hundreds of millions of
people today

A

Eyeglasses

37
Q

allowed people to harness the energy from natural forces like rivers and wind, a process that continues to the present-day.

A

Water and Wind mills

38
Q

replaced the earlier method of hand
spinning, in which the individual fibers
were drawn out of a mass of wool held on
a stick, or distaff, twisted together to form a continuous strand, and then wound on a second stick

A

The spinning wheel

39
Q

About 35% of the English population died due to the _____ The mass disruption to medieval society caused by the plague set the progress of science and discovery back.

A

Black death (Bubonic plague)

40
Q

• Inventions :
Siege Defenses
War Scythe
Multi-Barrel Gun
Ornithopter
Tank
Helicopter
Airplane Wing

A

Leonardo Da Vinci

41
Q

• Arts, Law, Medicine, Astronomy
• Heliocentric Universe

A

Nicolas Copernicus

42
Q

• Physics
Isochronous Motion
Parabolic Motion
Inertia (Newton)
• Thermometer
• Telescope
Moon, Jupiter, Saturn, Milky Way

A

Galileo Galilei

43
Q

• Pendulum Clock
John Harrison
• Regulating Spiral (1675)
• Theory of Light

A

Christian Huygens

44
Q

• Principia (3 books)
Modern Mechanics
Celestial Mechanics
Laws of the Universe

A

Isaac Newton

45
Q

• Moveable Type
• Latin Bible

A

Johaness Gutenburg

46
Q

marked a period of development in the latter half of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones.

A

The industrial revolution

47
Q

commonly referred to as the second Industrial Revolution, started sometime between 1820 and 1870.

A

The American Industrial Revolution

48
Q

Thomas Newcomen invents the first
_____

A

Steam engine ( 1712 )

49
Q

James Hargreaves, a British carpenter
and weaver, invents The machine spins more than one ball of yarn or thread at a time, making it easier and faster to make cloth.

A

Spinning Jenny

50
Q

Eli Whitney creates a machine that
makes it much easier to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber

A

Cotton Gin

51
Q

Samuel Morse invents which allows messages to be sent quickly over a wire

A

Telegraph

52
Q

At a time when people had to make
their own clothes at home or pay
someone else to sew them by hand, Elias Howe invents the

A

Sewing machine

53
Q

Elevators were already invented by
1853, but people worried about elevator cars falling. Elisha Otis invents a safety break to prevent them from falling if a cable breaks.

A

Safety Brake

54
Q

Alfred Nobel invents which is a safer way to blast holes in mountains or the ground than simply lighting black powder.

A

Dynamite

55
Q

A chemist named Louis Pasteur believed that germs caused disease

A

Vaccine

56
Q

He may not have invented the
______, but Alexander Graham Bell was the first to get a patent for it.

A

Telephone

57
Q

Not the first man to create a ____4,Thomas Edison created a ___ that lasted longer than other designs

A

Light bulb

58
Q

• Robert Goddard
⬗ Liquid-Fueled (1929)
• Werner vonBraun
⬗ V1, V2, V5, Saturn 5

A

Rockets to space

59
Q

● Special Theory (1905)
● General Theory
● Quantum Theory
● Big Bang Theory
• Curved, Finite Space
● Atomic Bomb
• Responsibility of Science

A

Albert Einstein

60
Q

• Oppenheimer
• Fermi, Berthe, Teller
• Four Sites
• Project Trinity ⬗ Los Alamos ⬗ Ground Zero - Alamagordo
• Fat Man & Little Boy
• Treason

A

The Manhattan project

61
Q

• Charles Babbage
• Hollerith & Watson
• Enigma & Colossus
• John vonNeuman
• Ekert & Mockley
• Shockley, Bardeen &Brattain
• Jack Kilby
• Jobs & Wozniak
• Gates & Allen

A

The computer pioneers

62
Q

“Invention is
1% Inspiration and
99% Perspiration”

A

Thomas Edison

Science and Technology (3 decks)

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