Module 2 - How plants grow Flashcards
What is the word given to a cell’s ability to divide and differentiate into any other type of cell?
Totipotency. Totipotent cells have the greatest differentiation potential.
What is the difference between primary and secondary growth?
Primary growth = growing taller, more branches, etc
Secondary growth = getting thicker
Which parts of the plant have actively dividing cells?
Meristematic tissues and the cambium.
What is the area of root called that lies behind the root-tip meristem?
The zone of elongation, where cells are no longer dividing, but are lengthening.
What are the 7 stages of the cell cycle?
INTERPHASE - regular cell operation
MITOSIS - cell division
- Prophase (chromosome condensation)
- Metaphase (chromosomes line up)
- Anaphase (chromatids pulled apart by microtubules)
- Telophase (chromosomes ‘relax’)
- Diakinesis (new cell wall forms between nuclei)
Which cells are mostly responsible for water transport?
Xylem
Which cells are mostly responsible for sugar transport?
Phloem
How is it that trees can still grow after having the phloem removed?
So long as the cambium is still present, it is able to divide and differentiate cells into xylem or phloem (it exists between the layers of the two cell types).
What is the cell wall composed (mostly) of?
Cellulose
What lies just inside the cell wall?
A lipid membrane
What organelle within the cell is responsible for maintaining turgor?
The cytoplasm. It’s also where most chemical reactions occur.
Which organelles are responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
Where are pigments like carotenoids stored?
Chromoplasts
What are the 3 basic cell types in plants?
PARENCHYMA: the least specialised, carries out chemical reactions (including photosynthesis) and stores chemical products such as starch.
COLLENCHYMA: cellulose-thickened walls, actively growing parts of the plant.
SCLERENCHYMA: lignin-thickened walls, surrounds xylem.
What is the chemical reaction for photosynthesis?
CO2 + H2O —> C6H12O6 + O2
