Module 2 Foundations In Chemistry

Question 1

Isotope

Answer 1

-atoms of the same element and therefore have the same proton number but have different number if neutrons and therefore different mass numbers.

Question 2

Relative isotopic mass

Answer 2

-mass of an atom compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon 12.

Question 3

Relative atomic mass

Answer 3

• is the weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon 12

Question 4

Relative atomic mass

Answer 4

• is the weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon 12

Question 5

Electronegativity

Answer 5

The ability of an atom to attract an electron pair within a covalent bond.

Question 6

Relative atomic mass equation

Answer 6

RAM= sum of (isotopic mass x relative abundance)/100

Question 7

Trigonal planar

Answer 7

The geometry adopted by a molecule with three electron pairs around the central atom. 120 degrees

Question 8

Octahedral

Answer 8

The geometry adapted by a molecule with six electron pairs around its central atom. 90 degrees

Question 9

Linear

Answer 9

If the central atom of a molecule has two electron pairs it will most likely adopt linear geometry. 120 degrees bond angle.

Question 10

Trigonal pyramidal

Answer 10

A central atom is likely to adopt a trigonal pyramidal geometry if the central atom of the molecule has four electron pairs. 3bonding pairs and one non bonding pair. Bond angle is 107.

Question 11

Tetrahedral

Answer 11

If the central atom has four bonding electron pairs it will adopt tetrahedral geometry. Bond angle 109.5

Question 12

Ideal gas equation

Answer 12

Pv=nrt

P=pressure
V=volume
N= amount of substance
R=ideal gas constant=8.314462
T=temperature

Question 13

electron arrangement

Answer 13

-1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6

-first letter says what electron sub shell
-second says which type of orbital
-third how many electrons in that subshell
-4s subshell takes priority over the 3d subshell

Question 14

orbitals

Answer 14

each orbital can hold a maximum of two elctrons

Question 15

3p subshell

Answer 15

has 3 orbitals can hold 6 electrons

Question 16

hunds rule

Answer 16

electrions prefer to occupy orbitals on their own, and only pair up when no empty orbitals of the same energy are available

Question 17

aufbao principle

Answer 17

electrons enter the lowest energy orbital available

Question 18

cr and cu do not have the expected electron structure

Answer 18

cr- 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6,4s1,3d5
cu- 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6,4s1,3d10