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Plant Propagation and Production > Module 2: Facilities > Flashcards

Module 2: Facilities Flashcards

1
Q

When were the first true greenhouses built and where?

A

Italy, 13th century

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2
Q

When were orangeries built and where?

A

Europe, 1600s

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3
Q

How did the Romans grow melons in 1st century AD?

A

In frames covered with mica

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4
Q

When were elaborate and larger greenhouses built and why were they better?

A

17th century; better glass and construction techniques

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5
Q

When was the golden age of greenhouses?

A

1800s (Crystal Palace etc.)

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6
Q

What are the three different types of greenhouses?

A

Attached greenhouse
Freestanding greenhouse
Connected greenhouses

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7
Q

What are the different types of attached greenhouses?

A

Lean to
Even span
Window mounted

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8
Q

What is a lean to greenhouse?

A

Half of the greenhouse is attached to a building

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9
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a lean to greenhouse

A

Advantages: Close to electricity, water and heat

Disadvantages: Limited space, ventilation, sunlight, temperature control

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10
Q

What is an even span greenhouse?

A

Full structure with one end attached to another building

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11
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of even span greenhouses?

A

Advantages: More useable space, can be lengthened, better temperature control

Disadvantages: Larger, more costly than lean-to

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12
Q

What is a window mounted greenhouse?

A

Attached to east or south side windows

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13
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of window mounted greenhouses?

A

Advantages: Low cost, convenient

Disadvantages: Small

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14
Q

What is a freestanding greenhouse?

A

It is a separate building from other buildings

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15
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of freestanding greenhouses?

A

Advantages: Better environmental control, separate from other buildings, gets more sun, larger

Disadvantages: Heating/electrical/watering systems need to be installed, require more land more temperature fluctuations in small greenhouses

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16
Q

What are the different shapes of freestanding greenhouses?

A

Quonset
Gothic arch
Uneven span
Even span

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17
Q

What is a connected greenhouse?

A

Several greenhouses joined together

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18
Q

What are some shapes of connected greenhouse?

A

Barrel vault
Gutter connected
Sawtooth

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19
Q

What are some advantages of connected greenhouses?

A

Less construction material required
Less heat required
Less overall cost
Easier to move through the greenhouse
Less land required

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20
Q

What are some disadvantages of connected greenhoues?

A

Difficult to accommodate plants that require different environmental conditions

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21
Q

What are some of the different greenhouse coverings?

A

Glass and tempered glass
Fibreglass reinforced plastic
Film plastic
Polycarbonate
Acrylic

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22
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of glass coverings?

A

Advantages: Best light transmission, looks nice, easy to maintain, long lasting

Disadvantages: Easily breaks, expensive to build, requires better frame construction than fiberglass/plastic, higher cost of heating

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23
Q

What are some advantages of tempered glass coverings?

A

2-3 times stronger than normal glass
Allows for wider frames
Can be bent

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24
Q

What are the advantages of fibreglass reinforced plastic?

A

88% PAR light transmission
More light diffision than glass
Lightweight, strong and hailproof
Flexible and can be bent

24
Q

What are some disadvantages of fibreglass reinforced plastic?

A

Susceptible to degradation by UV light, dust and pollution
Flammable

25
Q

What is film plastic made of?

A

Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, copolymers, etc.

26
Q

What are some advantages of film plastic as a greenhouse covering?

A

Cheap initial cost
Low fuel costs
Lighter frame required
Good light transmission

27
Q

What are the disadvantages of film plastic?

A

Short life span (UV inhibitors help increase life span)
Condensation on inside surface results in diseased and reduction of light transmission

28
Q

What is double wall plastic?

A

10cm air layer between two films of plastic acts as insulation
Uses squirrel cage fans to blow air in between plastic films

29
Q

What are the advantages of polycarbonate greenhouse coverings?

A

Available in different forms
79% PAR light transmission
Not considered flammable
High impact resistance

30
Q

What are some advantages and disadvantages of acrylic greenhouse coverings?

A

Advantages: 83% PAR transmission
Resistant to breakage compared to glass, not as much as polycarbonate

Disadvantages: VERY flammable

31
Q

What is the ridge?

A

Top part of the roof

32
Q

What is the anchor support post?

A

Vertical beams located usually at corner

33
Q

What are the trusses?

A

Triangular features found underneath ridge that adds strength to roof

34
Q

What are purlins?

A

Horizontal beams on roof to add strength to the roof’s structure

35
Q

What are eaves?

A

Junction of roof to wall

36
Q

What are sashbars?

A

Thin bars that hold the panels of the coverings (does not add strength)

37
Q

What are ventilators?

A

Openings in greenhouse that allows for exchange of air

38
Q

What are the different methods a greenhouse can be heated?

A

Steam heating systems
Hot water heating systems
Forced air heaters
Infrared radiant heaters (does not heat air but rather heats objects the infrared hits)

39
Q

What are the different forms of ventilation and cooling?

A

Natural ventilation
Fan tube ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
Fan and pad cooling

40
Q

What is natural ventilation?

A

Warm air rises and exits through the vents in the roof, cool air enters through side vents

41
Q

What is fan tube ventilation?

A

Fan blows air into a plastic tube running the length of the greenhouse, air exits through holes in the plastic

42
Q

What is mechanical ventilation?

A

Fan removes warm air from one end of the greenhouse, and cool air enters through louvers at the other end

43
Q

What is fan and pad cooling?

A

The air passing through the pads into the greenhouse is cooler; warm air exits through fans on the other side

44
Q

What is a cold frame?

A

Used to acclimate plants to the outdoor environment before transplanting

45
Q

What is a hot bed?

A

Similar to a cold frame except it has a source of heat to help maintain optimal temperatures

46
Q

What are some important criteria for a greenhouse’s location?

A

Market
Accessibility
Topography and drainage
Water and other utilities
Zoning regulations
Labour supply
Expansion requirements
Climatic conditions

47
Q

What are some light conditions that one should consider?

A

Maximum light
Morning sunlight is best
South or southeast side is best if located near a building
Deciduous trees preferred over evergreen

48
Q

What are some considerations of where a greenhouse should be oriented?

A

Amount of light entering a greenhouse depends on the angle of incidence

Minimize heat loss from winds (short side of greenhouse facing where winds are coming from to avoid heat loss)

49
Q

What happens to the amount of light that enters a greenhouse as the angle of incidence increases?

A

Less light

50
Q

If you are located above 40 degrees latitude, where should a freestanding greenhouse be located?

A

East-west orientation to maximize light

51
Q

If you are located above 40 degrees latitude, where should a connected greenhouse be located?

A

North-south orientation to avoid ridge and gutter shadow pockets

52
Q

What is a fin pipe, and what are the advantages of having them?

A

Thin pipes with fins attached to the outside surface

The fins increase the surface area, which increases the heat transfer rate between the fluid flowing through the pipe and the surrounding air or other medium

53
Q

Why is it important to have air circulation in a greenhouse?

A

Maintains uniform temperature

54
Q

What is the difference between ventilation and cooling

A

Ventilation: Moving air

Cooling: Cooling air

55
Q

What does PAR mean?

A

Photosynthetically active radiation

56
Q

Sketch a greenhouse labelling the truss, eave, purlin, ridge, anchor support post, and sash bar.

A

SKETCH!

57
Q

What is the latitude of Toronto?

A

42 / 43 degrees

Plant Propagation and Production (2 decks)

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