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NUT 111B > Module 2 - Energy Requirements, Physical Activity, Weight and Health > Flashcards

Module 2 - Energy Requirements, Physical Activity, Weight and Health Flashcards

1
Q

What does TEE stand for?

A

total energy expenditure

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2
Q

What does TEE include?

A
  1. basal metabolism
  2. physical activity
  3. thermic effect of food
  4. thermoregulation
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3
Q

Which accounts for the most of TEE?

A

basal metabolism

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4
Q

What accounts for 20-30% of TEE?

A

physical activity

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5
Q

What can effect TEE?

A

different life stages (pregnancy, lactation)

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6
Q

What is basal metabolism?

A
  • energy expended by internal processes during a period of complete rest
  • in fasting state (10 hours after meal)
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7
Q

What is resting metabolism?

A

nonfasting state

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8
Q

Patients needs may be affected by what?

A

different areas of their body (ex: liver, brain, heart, etc)

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9
Q

To safely increase RMR what must be increased?

A

skeletal muscle-to-fat ratio

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10
Q

Men have a greater _________ : _________ ratio than women

A

muscle : adipose

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11
Q

RMR is higher in ______ and decreases with ______

A

infants; age

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12
Q

A 200 Ib person with 12% body fat would be expected to have an RMR that was ____ compared to another person who weighed the same yet with 25% body fat?

a. lower
b. higher
c. same

A

b. higher

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13
Q

RMR is most closely correlated with what?

A

FFM

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14
Q

FFM =

A

body weight - fat mass

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15
Q

Physical activity is the ____________ component of TEE

A

most variable component of TEE

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16
Q

How much does physical activity contribute to TEE?

A

15-30%

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17
Q

Spontaneous non-exercise activity takes up to how many kcal per day?

A

~100-700 kcal/day

18
Q

Thermic Effect of Food varies by what?

A

varies amount and composition of food

19
Q

Why does protein have a higher metabolic cost than carbohydrates and fat?

A

due to metabolism of amino acids

20
Q

TEF is estimated as

A

10% of total energy intake

21
Q

Thermoregulation can be affected by what?

A
  1. changes in environmental temperature
  2. changes in radiant energy
22
Q

What is the goal of thermoregulation?

A

to maintain constant or near-constant body temperature

23
Q

How does growth influence energy expenditure?

A

energy costs associated with tissue deposition

24
Q

What is the estimated change in calorie need during the 1st 6 months of lactation?

A

+330 calories

25
Q

What is the estimated change in calorie need during the 2nd 6 months of lactation?

A

+400 calories

26
Q

What is the estimated energy requirement (EER)?

A

the average energy intake needed to maintain balance for an adult, based on age, sex, size, weight, activity level, and life stage

27
Q

What is the EER for a 20 yr old, nonpregnant/nonlactating woman who is 165 cm in height, weighs 63 kg, and is determined to have a low active PAL?

a. 2,000 kcal/day
b. 2,150 kcal/day
c. 2,289 kcal/day
d. 2,350 kcal/day

A

c. 2,289 kcal/day

28
Q

What is the EER for a 2-year-old boy who is 98 cm in height and weighs 15.5 kg?

a. 1,105 kcal/day
b. 1,281 kcal/day
c. 1,325 kcal/day
d. 1,478 kcal/day

A

b. 1,281 kcal/day

29
Q

Why is there no RDA or UL for energy?

A

because any intake above the requirement causes weight gain, increasing risk for comorbidities

30
Q

What are the costs of inadequate physical activity?

A

$117 billion dollars in annual health care costs

31
Q

Due to inadequate physical activity, what is the percentage of premature mortality?

A

10%

32
Q

Childhood obesity rates have ______ since the 1970s

A

tripled

33
Q

Why is obesity a threat to national security?

A

obesity disqualifies nearly one-third of American youth, ages 17 to 24, from military service

34
Q

What are the steps in the development and implementation of the physical activity guidelines?

A
  1. appointment of PAG advisory committee
  2. review of the current science
  3. PAGAC scientific report
  4. development of physical activity guidelines
  5. implemented in federal programs and initiatives
35
Q

BMI is _______ and _______ tool

A

research and screening

36
Q

BMI should not be used for what?

A

should not be used to diagnose an individual’s health status

37
Q

Define weight bias

A

negative social devaluation based on body size or body weight

38
Q

Weight bias leads to what?

A
  1. weight stigma
  2. prejudice
  3. stereotypes
  4. discrimination
39
Q

Define weight stigma

A

discriminatory acts and ideologies based on weight and size

40
Q

Weight bias affects which gender more?

A

women > men

41
Q

Weight bias affects which body weight more?

A

higher body weight > lower body weight

42
Q

How many adults report experiencing weight bias/stigma

A

4 in 10 adults

NUT 111B (4 decks)

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