Module 2: CONFLICT

Question 1

______ is the group—whether team, committee, club, or even best friends—that avoids, at all times, conflict

Answer 1

Rare

Question 2

• This arise from many sources, as disagreements over minor and major issues, personality conflicts, and power struggles cause once close collaborators to become hostile adversaries.
• Because this is a ubiquitous aspect of group life, it must be managed to minimize its negative effects.
• When this occurs in a group, the actions or beliefs of one or more members of the group are unacceptable to and resisted by one or more of the other group members.

Answer 2

Conflicts

Question 3

Members stand against each other rather than in support of each other

Answer 3

Conflict

Question 4

4 roots of Conflict

Answer 4

• Winning
• Sharing
• Working
• Liking and Disliking

Question 5

• We do not always cooperate with others, and that relationship might lead to competition: The
  success of one meant the other would fail.
• Social psychologist Morton Deutsch (1949b) calls these two types of relationships ___________ and _________

Answer 5

promotive and contrient interdependence.

Question 6

• can be a positive experience.
• However, when a situation calls for cooperation and teamwork, then the positive benefits of this are few
• changes how we talk to others in our group.
• When ______ we make fewer positive but more negative remarks, and we are less likely to discuss shared priorities.

Answer 6

Competition

Question 7

• promotes sharing, trust, and collaboration,

Answer 7

Cooperation

Question 8

• promotes selfishness, suspicion, and sequestration.

Answer 8

competition

Question 9

People choices are usually influenced by their ________

Answer 9

partner’s prior choices.

Question 10

occurs as group members’ choices become synchronized over time.

Answer 10

behavioral assimilation

Question 11

• to blame (or credit) for this assimilative process.
• sustains mutuality in exchange: When people who help you later need help, this urges you to help them in return.
• also implies that people who harm you are deserving of harm themselves.
• If one group member criticizes the ideas, opinions, or characteristics of another, the victim of the attack will feel justified in counterattacking unless some situational factor legitimizes the aggression of the former.

Answer 11

norm of reciprocity

Question 12

Group life, by its very nature, is sometimes a ______

Answer 12

social dilemma

Question 13

4 Dilemmas under Sharing

Answer 13

• Common Dilemma
• Public Good Dilemma
• Fairness Dilemma
• Responsibility Dilemma

Question 14

As individuals, members try to extract resources from the group and minimize the amount of time and energy the group takes from them. Yet, as group members, they also wish to contribute to the group, for they realize that their selfishness can destroy the group.
* Conflicts arise when individualistic motives trump group-oriented motives, and the collective intervenes to redress the imbalance.

Answer 14

THE ROOTS OF CONFLICT | Sharing

Question 15

• When people dispute over resources, one of the dilemmas that a group may face is when someone takes more than what he or she needs to take.
• Members may be tempted to take as much as possible of the resource, but if they take too much, the resource will be destroyed.

Answer 15

Common Dilemma

Question 16

Praises, work and exposure may also be examples of WHAT dilemma, when a person takes all the credit and get more credits and exposure. Others may feel that the person is not playing fair.

Answer 16

Common Dilemma

Question 17

is a “give some” dilemma: Members are asked to contribute to the group, but members often don’t fulfill this obligation.

Answer 17

Public Good Dilemma

Question 18

when students work on class projects as teams, one member may miss meetings and leave assignments undone, but still get a good grade because the group scores well on the final project.

Answer 18

free riders.

Question 19

A member may be inclined to putting in less effort on a collective task

Answer 19

social loafing

Question 20

• arise when groups are faced with making decisions about how to share their resources, rewards, or payoffs.
• Since resources are limited, groups need to decide on fair ways of apportioning them out to their members. These fairness judgments are determined by procedural and distributive forms of social justice. When payouts do not occur according to these norms, conflicts arise

Answer 20

Fairness Dilemma

Question 21

2 under Fairness Dilemma

Answer 21

Equity and Equality

Question 22

• When a group completes its work, members often dispute who deserves credit and who deserves blame.
• Group members must identify the factors that contributed to each member’s performance, assign credit and blame, and make decisions regarding rewards, power, and status.

Answer 22

Responsibility Dilemma

Question 23

Each group member, however, generally sees himself or herself as somewhat more worthy of credit than others in the group

Answer 23

egocentrism

Question 24

2 conflicts under THE ROOTS OF CONFLICT | Working

Answer 24

• Task conflict (content conflict or substantive conflict)
• Process conflict (or procedural conflict)

Question 25

Disagreements over issues that are relevant to the group’s recognized goals and procedures.

Answer 25

Task conflict (content conflict or substantive conflict)

Question 26

Disagreement over the methods the group should use to complete its basic tasks.

Answer 26

Process conflict (or procedural conflict)

Question 27

Just as any factor that creates a positive bond between people can increase a group’s cohesion, so any factor that creates disaffection can increase conflict

Answer 27

Sources of Relationship Conflict

Question 28

Interpersonal discord that occurs when group members dislike one another

Answer 28

Relationship conflict

Question 29

• In many cases, people explain their conflicts by blaming the other person’s negative personal qualities, such as moodiness, compulsivity, incompetence, communication difficulties, and sloppiness. People usually dislike others who evaluate them negatively, so criticism— even when deserved—can generate conflict.

Answer 29

THE ROOTS OF CONFLICT | Liking and Disliking

Question 30

Interpersonal discord that occurs when group members dislike one another.

Answer 30

Relationship conflict

Question 31

• Just as any factor that creates a positive bond between people can increase a group’s cohesion, so any factor that creates disaffection can increase conflict.

Answer 31

Sources of Relationship Conflict

Question 32

• People usually dislike others who evaluate them negatively, so criticism— even when deserved—can generate conflict.
• Group members who treat others unfairly or are quarrelsome engender more conflict than those who behave politely
• People who have agreeable personalities are usually better liked by others, and they also exert a calming influence on their groups

Answer 32

THE ROOTS OF CONFLICT | Liking and Disliking