Module 1: LEADERSHIP Flashcards
Leadership, like sex, language, and groups, make the anthropologist’s list of universals that have been identified as _____ to all cultures and all civilizations, without exception.
common
_______ are the influential interpersonal processes that take place in groups, and one of the most influential of these processes is _______.
Group dynamics, leadership
Leadership is the “successful influence by the leader that results in the attainment of goals by the influenced followers”
Bass
Leadership is “the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done”
Yukl
Leadership is “a process whereby an individual influences a group”
Northouse
Leaders are “individuals who significantly influence the thoughts, behaviors, and/or feelings of others”
Gardner
They can issue directives, orders, instructions, and so on. But leaders also ____ their followers in more subtle and less perceptible ways.
influence
Leaders don’t just order, demand, and require but also ________ and ______
persuade, and guide
Leadership is more about _____, rather than position
process
3 definition of Leadership
- Leadership Is an Influence Process
- Leadership Is a Cooperative, Reciprocal Relationship
- Leadership Is a Goal-Oriented Process
In general, leaders appear in groups when: (4)
o members feel that success on the group task is within their reach,
o the rewards of success are valued,
o the task requires group effort rather than individual effort, and
o an individual with previous experience in the leadership role is present in the group
A group that is facing a _______—such as a potential failure or danger—is also likely
to embrace a leader’s guidance.
stressful situation
Two-factor model of Leadership
- | Task leadership
- | Relationship leadership
- focuses on the group’s work and its goals.
Task leadership
proposes solutions, monitors compliance with procedures, and stresses the need for efficiency
and productivity
Task leadership
focuses on the interpersonal relations within the group.
Relationship leadership
Sex Differences in Leadership
- Men tend to be agentic(Task oriented)
- Women are more communal(Warm)
when asked to describe themselves to others in just-formed groups, stress their communal qualities with such adjectives as open, fair, responsible, and pleasant.
Women
describe themselves as influential, powerful, and skilled at the task to be done
Men
- the “great man” theory
- leaders possess certain characteristics that mark them for greatness, so history could be best studied by considering the contributions of the few great men and women.
Great Leader Theory
“He” offered up his great ‘leader theory of history’ (Great Leader Theory)
- historian “Thomas Carlyle”
- nineteenth century
- traced leadership emergence and effectiveness to the situational, rather than, personal factors
The Zeitgeist Theory
“He” argued such leaders as Alexander the Great and
Napoleon came to prominence because the spirit of the times—the Zeitgeist—was propitious for
the dominance of a single individual, and the qualities of the person were largely irrelevant to this rise to power.
The Russian novelist “Leo Tolstoy” in contrast
assumes that leaders possess certain personality traits and characteristics and that these characteristics are responsible for their rise in the leadership ranks
trait approach