Module 2 - Chapter 4

Question 1

List the structures all bacteria possess.

Answer 1

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes and one (or few) chromosome(s)

Question 2

Describe the three major shapes of bacteria.

Answer 2

Coccus - spherical or ball shaped, Rod (bacillus) drumstick shaped, Curved - a curved rod .

Question 3

What are the major groups of appendages?

Answer 3

Those that provide motility - flagella and axial filaments
Those that provide attachment points - fimbriae, pili, and nonwires

Question 4

How do bacteria move?

Question 5

What is it that a bacteria might move to or away from?

Question 6

What are the main parts of the bacteria cell envelope? How does this differ between Gram (-) and Gram (+) cells?

Question 7

What is the structure of peptidoglycan?

Question 8

What are some non-typical cell walls?

Question 9

What are the structural features and characteristics of the Gram negative outer membrane?

Question 10

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

Question 11

What is inside of a bacterial cell, and what each of these structures do?

Question 12

How is the bacterial genome arranged?

Question 13

How are endospores formed and what are their function?

Question 14

What are endospores medical significance?

Question 15

What are the other arrangements of bacteria?

Question 16

What are the arrangements of cocci?

Answer 16

single, in pairs (diplococci), in tetrads (groups of four), irregular clusters, or in chains.

Question 17

What are biofilms?

Answer 17

Microbial habitats with access to food, water, atmosphere, and other environmental factors that are beneficial to each type of organism living there.

Question 18

What is the primary function flagella?

Answer 18

To provide motility - capacity of a cell to swim freely through an aqueous habitat. - rotates 360 degrees to move

Question 19

What is the structure of a flagella?

Answer 19

The filament - helical structure made of proteins inserted into a curved hook , the hook - anchored to the cell by the basal body, and the basal body - a stack of rings firmly anchored through the cell wall to the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane.