Module 1 - Chapter 1

Question 1

List the seven types of microorganisms studied in the field of microbiology

Answer 1

Bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, viruses, prions, and Helminths

Question 2

What are the cellular microorganisms we will study?

Answer 2

Bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa

Question 3

What are the acellular microorgansims we will study?

Answer 3

Viruses and Prions

Question 4

What are Helminths?

Answer 4

Multicellular animals whose mature form is visible to the naked eye.

Question 5

What is microbiology?

Answer 5

A specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

Question 6

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 6

Cells that contain a nucleus. “Eukary”- means true nucleus.

Question 7

What are akaryotes?

Answer 7

Cells that do NOT contain a nucleus. Ex: bacteria and archaea

Question 8

What is evolution?

Answer 8

The accumulation of changes that occur in organisms as they adapt to their environments.

Question 9

What is a “theory”?

Answer 9

A principle that has undergone years and years of testing and not been disproven

Question 10

What is one way that microbes impact the earth?

Answer 10

Bacteria invented photosynthesis long before the first plants appeared (anoxygenic photosynthesis), which later evolved into oxygenic. - Produced oxygen and more efficient in extracting energy from the sun.

Question 11

What is an empirical finding?

Answer 11

When humans figure something out through

Question 12

What does it mean if something is caused by microbes?

Answer 12

Infectious and may be communicable

Question 13

What does it mean if something is NOT caused by microbes?

Answer 13

Noninfectious and noncommunicable

Question 14

Who is the father of microbiology?

Answer 14

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 15

What is the scientific method?

Answer 15

A general approach taken by researchers to explain certain natural phenomena. Its primary aim is to form a hypothesis to explain what is measured or observed.

Question 16

What is deductive reasoning?

Answer 16

Making individual decisions by using broadly accepted general principles as a guide.

Question 17

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 17

The process of discovering general principles by careful examination of specific cases.

Question 18

What did John Tyndall do?

Answer 18

An English physicist that provided the initial evidence that some of the microbes in dust and air have very high heat resistance and that something stronger than boiling is required to destroy them.

Question 19

Whose studies clearly linked a microscopic organism with a specific disease?

Answer 19

Robert Koch

Question 20

What did Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes observe?

Answer 20

Mothers who gave birth at home experienced fewer infections than did mothers who gave birth in the hospital.

Question 21

What did Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis do?

Answer 21

Clearly showed that women became infected in the maternity ward after examinations by physicians coming directly from the autopsy room without washing their hands.

Question 22

Who was the first to introduce aseptic techniques?

Answer 22

The English surgeon Joseph Lister.

Question 23

What did Louis Pasteur do?

Answer 23

He invented pasteurization and completed some of the first studies showing that huyman diseases could arise from infection.

Question 24

What are “Koch’s postulates”?

Answer 24

A series of proofs that verified the germ theory and could establish whether an organism was pathogenic and what disease it caused.

Question 25

What is taxonomy?

Answer 25

The science of classifying living beings into categories. Originated form Carl Von Linne

Question 26

What is the proper nomenclature of a microorganism?

Answer 26

The scientific name is always a combination of the genus name followed by the species name. The genus name is capitalized, and the species part beings with a lowercase letter. Both should be italicized (or underlined if using handwriting).

Question 27

List the 8 Taxonomic categories from top to bottom

Answer 27

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum (or division), class, order, family, genus, and species

Question 28

What is the scheme that represents the natural relatedness (relation by descent) between groups of living things?

Answer 28

Phylogeny - Which is used to determine taxonomy

Question 29

What are the 3 major taxonomic domains?

Answer 29

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 30

Which of the following is an acellular microorganism lacking a nucleus?
a. bacterium
b. helminth
c. protozoan
d. virus

Question 31

Which of the following is a microorganism that contains organelles?
a. prion
b. bacterium
c. fungus
d. virus

Question 32

Identify the process or environment in this list that is not affected by microorganisms.
a. oxygen cycles
b. recycling of dead organisms
c. human health
d. all of the above have microbial involvement

Question 33

Which of these organisms do not contain DNA?
a. helminths
b. fungi
c. bacteria
d. prions

Question 34

Microbes are found in which habitat?
a. human body
b. earth’s crust
c. oceans
d. all of the above

Question 35

Which of the following processes can be the result of human manipulation of microbial genes?
a. the central dogma
b. natural selection
c. bioremediation
d. abiogenesis

Question 36

When a hypothesis has been thoroughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered
a. a law
b. a speculation
c. a theory
d. proven