Module 2 Chapter 2 Flashcards
What does an atom consist of
An atom consists of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons. It also has electrons that exist in shells outside of the nucleus.
What is the mass and charge of the proton
+1, 1
What is the mass and charge of an electron
-1, 1/2000
What is the mass and charge of a neutron
0, 1
What is the actual charge of a proton and electron
+1.6021773 x 10^-19
And
-1.6021773 x 10^-19
What is the definition of an isotope
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different atomic masses.
Relative isotopic mass definition
The mass of one atom of the isotope compared with 1/12th the mass of one atom of a carbon 12 atom.
Does relative isotopic mass have units
It has no units as it’s a ratio
Relative atomic mass definition
The weighted mean mass of an atom of the isotope of the element compared to 1/12th the mass of a carbon twelve atom.
What ion does zinc form
Zn 2+
What ion does silver form
Ag +
What ion does ammonium form
NH4 +
What charge is the hydroxide ion
OH-
What charge is the nitrate ion
NO3 -
What charge is the sulphate ion
SO4 2-
What charge is the carbonate ion
CO3 2-
What charge is the phosphate ion
PO4 3-
What charge is the nitrite ion
NO2 -
What charge is the sulfite ion
SO3 2-
What charge is the hydrogen carbonate ion
HCO3 -
What charge is the dichromate ion
Cr2O7 2-
What charge is the manganate ion
MnO4 -
What type of ions do non metals form
Non metals form anions which are negatively charged ions. They are formed when non metals gain electrons.
What type of ions do metals form
They form cations when they lose electrons.
What is the formula for RAM
RAM = [(% isotope 1 x relative ionic mass 1) + (% isotope 2 x relative ionic mass 2)]/100
How is RAM determined
RAM is determined experimentally using a mass spectrometer
What are the first three steps for a mass spectrometer determine RAM
1) Sample is placed into mass spectrometer
2) Sample is vaporised then ionised to form positive ions
3) Ions are accelerated. Heavier ions move more slowly and are more difficult to deflect than lighter ions, so the ions of each isotope are separated.
What is the last step for using a mass spectrometer
Ions are detected on a mass spectrum as a mass to charge ratio. Each ion reaching the detector adds a signal so the greater the abundance the larger the signal.
What is the formula for mass to charge ratio
mass to charge ratio = relative mass of ion/relative charge of ion
Element definition
A single element from the periodic table
Compound definition
Atoms of different elements that are chemically bonded together covalently or ionically.
Mixture definition
A mix of different elements and/or compounds. It must contain more than one substance to be considered a mixture. They aren’t chemically bonded.
What are the 4 state symbols
(G) - gas
(L) - liquid
(S) - solid
(Aq) - aqueous
What is an ionic equation
It shows the ions present in a reaction mixture and includes the formula of any molecular substances present
