Module 2 Chapter 2

Question 1

What does an atom consist of

Answer 1

An atom consists of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons. It also has electrons that exist in shells outside of the nucleus.

Question 2

What is the mass and charge of the proton

Answer 2

+1, 1

Question 3

What is the mass and charge of an electron

Answer 3

-1, 1/1836

Question 4

What is the mass and charge of a neutron

Answer 4

0, 1

Question 5

What is the actual charge of a proton and electron

Answer 5

+1.6021773 x 10^-19

And

-1.6021773 x 10^-19

Question 6

What is the definition of an isotope

Answer 6

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different atomic masses.

Question 7

Relative isotopic mass definition

Answer 7

The mass of one atom of the isotope compared with 1/12th the mass of one atom of a carbon 12 atom.

Question 8

Does relative isotopic mass have units

Answer 8

It has no units as it’s a ratio

Question 9

Relative atomic mass definition

Answer 9

The weighted mean mass of an atom of the isotope of the element compared to 1/12th the mass of a carbon twelve atom.

Question 10

What ion does zinc form

Answer 10

Zn 2+

Question 11

What ion does silver form

Answer 11

Ag +

Question 12

What ion does ammonium form

Answer 12

NH4 +

Question 13

What charge is the hydroxide ion

Answer 13

OH-

Question 14

What charge is the nitrate ion

Answer 14

NO3 -

Question 15

What charge is the sulphate ion

Answer 15

SO4 2-

Question 16

What charge is the carbonate ion

Answer 16

CO3 2-

Question 17

What charge is the phosphate ion

Answer 17

PO4 3-

Question 18

What charge is the nitrite ion

Answer 18

NO2 -

Question 19

What charge is the sulfite ion

Answer 19

SO3 2-

Question 20

What charge is the hydrogen carbonate ion

Answer 20

HCO3 -

Question 21

What charge is the dichromate ion

Answer 21

Cr2O7 2-

Question 22

What charge is the manganate ion

Answer 22

MnO4 -

Question 23

What type of ions do non metals form

Answer 23

Non metals form anions which are negatively charged ions. They are formed when non metals gain electrons.

Question 24

What type of ions do metals form

Answer 24

They form cations when they lose electrons.

Question 25

What is the formula for RAM

Answer 25

RAM = [(% isotope 1 x relative ionic mass 1) + (% isotope 2 x relative ionic mass 2)]/100

Question 26

How is RAM determined

Answer 26

RAM is determined experimentally using a mass spectrometer

Question 27

What are the first three steps for a mass spectrometer determine RAM

Answer 27

1) Sample is placed into mass spectrometer
2) Sample is vaporised then ionised to form positive ions
3) Ions are accelerated. Heavier ions move more slowly and are more difficult to deflect than lighter ions, so the ions of each isotope are separated.

Question 28

What is the last step for using a mass spectrometer

Answer 28

Ions are detected on a mass spectrum as a mass to charge ratio. Each ion reaching the detector adds a signal so the greater the abundance the larger the signal.

Question 29

What is the formula for mass to charge ratio

Answer 29

mass to charge ratio = relative mass of ion/relative charge of ion

Question 30

Element definition

Answer 30

A single element from the periodic table

Question 31

Compound definition

Answer 31

Atoms of different elements that are chemically bonded together covalently or ionically.

Question 32

Mixture definition

Answer 32

A mix of different elements and/or compounds. It must contain more than one substance to be considered a mixture. They aren’t chemically bonded.

Question 33

What are the 4 state symbols

Answer 33

(G) - gas
(L) - liquid
(S) - solid
(Aq) - aqueous

Question 34

What is an ionic equation

Answer 34

It shows the ions present in a reaction mixture and includes the formula of any molecular substances present