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Anatomy and Physiology > Module 2 - Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Module 2 - Cells and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cells

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2
Q

Selectively
permeable barrier

A

Plasma Membrane

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3
Q

Intracellular fluid packed
with organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

Organelle that controls
cellular activities

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

Substances contributing to body mass that are found outside of the
cells

A

Extracellular materials

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6
Q

Phospholipid bilayer with protein molecules plugged in as a fluid
mosaic

A

Plasma Membrane

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7
Q

P____ h____ face the water inside and outside the cell

A

Polar heads

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8
Q

N___ t____ hide from the water

A

Nonpolar tails

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9
Q

Form basic structure of the membrane

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

Stiffens membrane; further decreases water solubility of membrane

A

Cholesterol

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11
Q

Determines what functions the membrane can perform

A

Proteins

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12
Q

Act as identity molecules

A

Carbohydrates

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13
Q

Diffuse directly through the lipid
bilayer (usually small nonpolar molecules that
readily dissolve in lipids)

A

Simple diffusion

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14
Q

either through a) binding to
carrier proteins or 2) through water filled channel
proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

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15
Q

diffusion of a solvent through a
membrane

A

Osmosis

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16
Q

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by
altering the cells; internal water volume

A

Tonicity

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17
Q

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and
reversibly with the transported substances

A

Active transport

18
Q

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from
the separation of oppositely charged particles

A

Membrane potential

19
Q

are cell
surface proteins that mediate the interaction between cells, or between cells
and the extracellular matrix (ECM).

A

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

20
Q

Powerplants of the cell, providing ATP supply
Lozenge-shaped organelles that contains its own DNA, RNA, ribosomes
and able to reproduce themselves

A

Mitochondria

21
Q

Sites of protein synthesis
Small-dark staining granules composed of proteins and RNA

A

Ribosomes

22
Q

studded with ribosomes that manufacture all proteins secreted
from cells; manufacture of integral proteins and phospholipids that form part of all cellular membranes

A

Rough ER

23
Q

contains integral proteins called enzymes that catalyze
reactions

A

Smooth ER

24
Q

Modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids
Stacked, flattened membranous sacs associated with tiny
membranous vesicles

A

Golgi Apparatus

25
Q

Spherical membranous sacs containing enzymes

A

Peroxisomes

26
Q

Spherical membranous organelles containing activated
hydrolytic enzymes
Digests all kinds of biological molecules including invading
bacteria and cell debris

A

Lysosomes

27
Q

System of organelles that work
together mainly to produce, degrade, store, and export biological molecules

A

Endomembrane system

28
Q

Elaborate network of rods running through the cytosol and
hundreds of accessory proteins that link these rods to other
cell structures

A

Cytoskeleton

29
Q

whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur on the exposed
surfaces of certain cells. Its actions move substances in one direction
across the cell surfaces

A

Cilia

30
Q

projections formed by centrioles but longer. The only flagellated
cell is a sperm which has one propulsive flagellum. It propels the cell itself

A

Flagella

31
Q

tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that
project from an exposed cell surface. It increase the cell surface and and
most often found in absorptive cells in the intestine and kidney

A

Microvili

32
Q

Series of changes a cell
goes through from the time
it is formed until it
reproduces

A

Cell Cycle

33
Q

period from cell formation to cell division

A

Interphase

34
Q

division of the nucleus,
is the series of events that
parcels out the replicated DNA
of the parent cell to two
daughter cells

A

Mitosis

35
Q

division of the
cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

36
Q

_____ is the segment of a DNA molecule that carries instructions for creating one
polypeptide chain

A

Gene

37
Q

Groups of cells that are
similar in structure and
perform a common or
related function

A

Tissues

38
Q

Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity,
a boundary-forming tissue

A

Epithelial tissue

39
Q

Functions include:
š Binding and supporting
š Protecting
š Insulating
š Storing reserve fuel
š Transporting substances

A

Connective tissue

40
Q

Well-vascularized tissues that are
responsible for most type of
body movement

A

Muscle tissue

41
Q

Main component of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord and
nerves) which regulates and controls body functions

A

Nervous tissue

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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