Module 2 - Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Smallest unit of life

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Selectively
permeable barrier

Answer 2

Plasma Membrane

Question 3

Intracellular fluid packed
with organelles

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Organelle that controls
cellular activities

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Substances contributing to body mass that are found outside of the
cells

Answer 5

Extracellular materials

Question 6

Phospholipid bilayer with protein molecules plugged in as a fluid
mosaic

Answer 6

Plasma Membrane

Question 7

P____ h____ face the water inside and outside the cell

Answer 7

Polar heads

Question 8

N___ t____ hide from the water

Answer 8

Nonpolar tails

Question 9

Form basic structure of the membrane

Answer 9

Phospholipids

Question 10

Stiffens membrane; further decreases water solubility of membrane

Answer 10

Cholesterol

Question 11

Determines what functions the membrane can perform

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

Act as identity molecules

Answer 12

Carbohydrates

Question 13

Diffuse directly through the lipid
bilayer (usually small nonpolar molecules that
readily dissolve in lipids)

Answer 13

Simple diffusion

Question 14

either through a) binding to
carrier proteins or 2) through water filled channel
proteins

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

diffusion of a solvent through a
membrane

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by
altering the cells; internal water volume

Answer 16

Tonicity

Question 17

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and
reversibly with the transported substances

Answer 17

Active transport

Question 18

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from
the separation of oppositely charged particles

Answer 18

Membrane potential

Question 19

are cell
surface proteins that mediate the interaction between cells, or between cells
and the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Answer 19

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

Question 20

Powerplants of the cell, providing ATP supply
Lozenge-shaped organelles that contains its own DNA, RNA, ribosomes
and able to reproduce themselves

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Question 21

Sites of protein synthesis
Small-dark staining granules composed of proteins and RNA

Answer 21

Ribosomes

Question 22

studded with ribosomes that manufacture all proteins secreted
from cells; manufacture of integral proteins and phospholipids that form part of all cellular membranes

Answer 22

Rough ER

Question 23

contains integral proteins called enzymes that catalyze
reactions

Answer 23

Smooth ER

Question 24

Modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids
Stacked, flattened membranous sacs associated with tiny
membranous vesicles

Answer 24

Golgi Apparatus

Question 25

Spherical membranous sacs containing enzymes

Answer 25

Peroxisomes

Question 26

Spherical membranous organelles containing activated hydrolytic enzymes Digests all kinds of biological molecules including invading bacteria and cell debris

Answer 26

Lysosomes

Question 27

System of organelles that work together mainly to produce, degrade, store, and export biological molecules

Answer 27

Endomembrane system

Question 28

Elaborate network of rods running through the cytosol and hundreds of accessory proteins that link these rods to other cell structures

Answer 28

Cytoskeleton

Question 29

whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur on the exposed surfaces of certain cells. Its actions move substances in one direction across the cell surfaces

Answer 29

Cilia

Question 30

projections formed by centrioles but longer. The only flagellated cell is a sperm which has one propulsive flagellum. It propels the cell itself

Answer 30

Flagella

Question 31

tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface. It increase the cell surface and and most often found in absorptive cells in the intestine and kidney

Answer 31

Microvili

Question 32

Series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it reproduces

Answer 32

Cell Cycle

Question 33

period from cell formation to cell division

Answer 33

Interphase

Question 34

division of the nucleus, is the series of events that parcels out the replicated DNA of the parent cell to two daughter cells

Answer 34

Mitosis

Question 35

division of the cytoplasm

Answer 35

Cytokinesis

Question 36

_____ is the segment of a DNA molecule that carries instructions for creating one polypeptide chain

Answer 36

Gene

Question 37

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function

Answer 37

Tissues

Question 38

Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity, a boundary-forming tissue

Answer 38

Epithelial tissue

Question 39

Functions include: š Binding and supporting š Protecting š Insulating š Storing reserve fuel š Transporting substances

Answer 39

Connective tissue

Question 40

Well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most type of body movement

Answer 40

Muscle tissue

Question 41

Main component of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body functions

Answer 41

Nervous tissue