Module 1 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Anatomy
Studies the function of the body, how the body parts work
and carry out their life-sustaining activities
Physiology
_____ is a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them
Tissue
It is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.
Organ
It is a group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions
Organ system
Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of hair, skin, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Integumentary system
Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissues. Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.
Skeletal system
Produces body movements, maintains posture, produces body heat.
Muscular system
Detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
Nervous system
Influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions. Consists of endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, gonads, and other tissues that secrete hormones
Endocrine system
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract
Lymphatic system
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.
Respiratory system
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
Digestive system
Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.
Urinary system
Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
Female reproductive system
Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
Male reproductive system
It is the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.
Homeostasis
It is the ability to use the energy to perform other vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.
Metabolism
It is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions
Catabolism
It is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy, also known as endergonic process
Anabolism
Refers to a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward
Anatomical position
Lying face upward
Supine
Lying face downward
Prone
“In front of”
Anterior
