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Anatomy and Physiology > Module 1 - Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Module 1 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Studies the function of the body, how the body parts work
and carry out their life-sustaining activities

A

Physiology

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3
Q

_____ is a group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them

A

Tissue

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4
Q

It is composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.

A

Organ

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5
Q

It is a group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions

A

Organ system

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6
Q

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of hair, skin, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

A

Integumentary system

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7
Q

Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissues. Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

A

Skeletal system

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8
Q

Produces body movements, maintains posture, produces body heat.

A

Muscular system

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9
Q

Detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.

A

Nervous system

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10
Q

Influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions. Consists of endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, gonads, and other tissues that secrete hormones

A

Endocrine system

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11
Q

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract

A

Lymphatic system

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12
Q

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.

A

Respiratory system

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13
Q

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

A

Digestive system

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14
Q

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.

A

Urinary system

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15
Q

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.

A

Female reproductive system

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16
Q

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.

A

Male reproductive system

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17
Q

It is the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.

A

Homeostasis

18
Q

It is the ability to use the energy to perform other vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.

A

Metabolism

19
Q

It is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions

A

Catabolism

20
Q

It is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy, also known as endergonic process

A

Anabolism

21
Q

Refers to a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward

A

Anatomical position

22
Q

Lying face upward

A

Supine

23
Q

Lying face downward

A

Prone

24
Q

“In front of”

A

Anterior

25
Q

“Behind”

A

Posterior

26
Q

“Above”

A

Superior

27
Q

“Below”

A

Inferior

28
Q

“Close to”

A

Proximal

29
Q

“Far from”

A

Distal

30
Q

______ separates the body or a structure into right and left halves.

A

Sagittal plane

31
Q

______ is a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves.

A

Median plane

32
Q

_______ runs parallel to the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

A

Transverse (horizontal) plane

33
Q

________ divides the body into anterior and posterior halves.

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

34
Q

_______ mechanisms maintain homeostasis

A

Negative-feedback

35
Q

The _____ body cavity houses the brain and the spinal cord.

A

Dorsal

35
Q

_________ mechanisms make deviations from normal even greater.

A

Positive-feedback

36
Q

Study of the chemical composition and
reactions of living matter

A

Biochemistry

37
Q

Refers to being toward the midline of the body or the median plane, which splits the body, head-to-toe, into two halves, the left and right.

A

Medial

38
Q

It is the side of the body or part of the body that is away from the middle.

A

Lateral

39
Q

The _______ is at the anterior, or front, of the trunk. Organs contained within this body cavity include the lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, and reproductive organs.

A

Ventral cavity

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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