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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > MODULE 2: CELLS AND TISSUES > Flashcards

MODULE 2: CELLS AND TISSUES Flashcards

1
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

CELLS

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2
Q

A generalized, composite cells has:

A
  1. PLASMA MEMBRANE
  2. CYTOPLASM
  3. NUCLEUS
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3
Q

Selectively permeable barrier

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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4
Q

Intercellular fluid packed with organelles

A

CYTOPLASM

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5
Q

Organelle that controls cellular activities

A

NUCLEUS

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6
Q

Includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

ECF / EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

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7
Q

Substances that aid in digestion (gastric fluids) or act as lubricants (saliva)

A

CELLULAR SECRETIONS

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8
Q

Most abundant material, jellylike substance composed of proteins and polysaccharides

A

ECM / EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

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9
Q

Forms the fabric of the membrane (phospholipids + cholesterol)

A

MEMBRANE LIPIDS

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10
Q

Allows the membrane to communicate with its environment, responsible for specialized membrane function

A

MEMBRANE PROTEINS

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11
Q

Includes glycoproteins and glycolipids. Glycocalyx (carbohydrate rich area) provides identity molecules for specific biologicals markers.

A

MEMBRANE CARBOHYDRATES

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12
Q

Allow neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate, inhibit or aid in allowing movement of molecules between cells

A

CELL JUNCTIONS

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13
Q

What are the 4 functions of the Plasma Membrane?

A
  1. PHYSICAL BARRIER
  2. SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
  3. COMMUNICATION
  4. CELL RECOGNITION
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14
Q

Encloses the cell, separating the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid

A

PHYSICAL BARRIER

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15
Q

Determines which substances enters or exit the cell

A

SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

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16
Q

Plasma membrane proteins interact with specific chemical messengers and relay messages to the cell interior

A

COMMUNICATION

17
Q

Cell surface carbohydrates allow cells to recognize each other

A

CELL RECOGNITION

18
Q

Diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer (usually small nonpolar molecules that readily dissolve in lipids)

A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

19
Q

Either through a binding to carrier proteins or 2 through water filled channel proteins

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

20
Q

Diffusion of a solvent through a membrane

A

OSMOSIS

21
Q

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells; internal water volume

A

TONICITY

22
Q

have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water

A

ISOTONIC

23
Q

higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate

A

HYPERTONIC

24
Q

More dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse

A

HYPOTONIC

25
Q
  • Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances
  • Move solutes uphill, against a concentration gradient using energy
A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

26
Q

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles

A

MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

27
Q
  • Ranging from (-)50 – (-)90 mV.
  • All cells are electrically polarized at the membrane
  • The cell interior remains electrically neutral
A

RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

28
Q

What is PISO?

A

POTASSIUM AND SODIUM ROLES

29
Q

According to Ren, Roberts and Shi (2011), adhesion molecules are cell surface proteins that mediate the interaction between cells, or between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM).

A

CAMs / CELL ADHESION MOLECULES

30
Q

Diverse group of integral proteins that
serve as binding sites which play a role in Signaling.

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE RECEPTORS

31
Q

In which cells come together, touch and recognize one another. Useful in development and immunity.

A

CONTACT SIGNALING

32
Q

Process in which a ligand (chemical messenger) binds a specific receptor and initiates a response.

A

CHEMICAL SIGNALING

33
Q

Signals from the nervous system

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

34
Q

Signals from the endocrine system

A

HORMONES

35
Q

Chemicals that act locally and are rapidly destroyed

A

PARACRINES

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (2 decks)

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