MODULE 1: THE HUMAN ANATOMY Flashcards
Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.
ANATOMY
What are the 6 types of Anatomy?
- GROSS ANATOMY
- REGIONAL ANATOMY
- SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
- SURFACE ANATOMY
- MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
- DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY
Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart, lungs, kidneys.
GROSS ANATOMY
All structures in particular region of the body (abdomen or leg region)
REGIONAL ANATOMY
Body structures are examined system by system (cardiovascular, neuro, nephron etc)
SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.
SURFACE ANATOMY
Deals with structures to small to be seen by the naked eye(cytology, histology)
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span.
DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY
Studies the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
PHYSIOLOGY
What are the 3 types of Physiology?
- RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
- NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
- CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
What are the 11 body’s organ systems?
- INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
- SKELETAL SYSTEM
- MUSCULAR SYSTEM
- NERVOUS SYSTEM
- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
- CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- LYMPHATIC SYSTEM / IMMUNITY
- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
- URINARY SYSTEM
- REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury. Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc.) receptors, and sweat and oil glands.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement. Blood cells are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
As the fast-acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body muscles and cells.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes , etc. The heart pumps blood.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream. Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes) involved in immunity. The immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances within the body.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM / IMMUNITY
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. These exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates, water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood.
URINARY SYSTEM
Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
(MALE & FEMALE)
The set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.
CATABOLISM
The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy, known also as an endergonic process.
ANABOLISM
Ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously.
HOMEOSTASIS
An inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment
HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE
Causes of Homeostatic Imbalance
- Aging
- Diseases (any failure of normal physiological function that leads to negative symptoms)
Body position in which the person lies flat with the chest down and the back up.
PRONE
Lying horizontally with the face and torso facing up, as opposed to the prone position, which is face down.
SUPINE
Anatomical term of wrist
CARPAL
Anatomical term of neck
CERVICAL
Anatomical term of cheeck
BUCCAL
Anatomical term of arm
BRACHIAL
Layman’s term of thigh
FEMORAL
Study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter
BIOCHEMISTRY