Module 2 - Cell and Tissues

Question 1

Smallest unit of Life

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Permeable barrier

Answer 2

Plasma Membrane

Question 3

Intracellular fluid packed with organelles

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Organelle that controls cellular activities

Answer 4

Nuclues

Question 5

This includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 5

Extracellular Fluid
(ECF)

Question 6

Substances that aid in digestion

Answer 6

Cellular Secretions

Question 7

Most abundant material, jellylike substance composed of proteins and polysaccharides.

Answer 7

Extracellular Matrix
(ECM)

Question 8

Forms the fabric of the membrane

Answer 8

Membrane Lipids

Question 9

Allows the membrane to communicate with its environment

Answer 9

Membrane Proteins

Question 10

Includes glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Answer 10

Membrane Carbohydrates

Question 11

Allow neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate.

Answer 11

Cell Junctions

Question 12

Encloses the cell, separating the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid.

Answer 12

Physical Barrier

Question 13

Determines which sunstance enters or exit the cell.

Answer 13

Selective Permeability

Question 14

Plasma membrane proteins interact with specific chemical messengers and relay messages to the cell interior

Answer 14

Communication

Question 15

Cell surface carbohydrates allow cells to recognize each other

Answer 15

Cell Recognition

Question 16

Plasma Membrane Functions

Answer 16

Physical Barrier, Selective Permeability, Communication, and Cell Recognition.

Question 17

Membrane Proteins Functions

Answer 17

Transport, Receptors for Signal Transduction, Enzymatic Activity, Cell-cell Recognition, Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, and Cell-to-cell Joining.

Question 18

Diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer

Answer 18

Simple Diffusion

Question 19

Either through:
a) Binding to carrier proteins.
b) Through water filled channel proteins.

Answer 19

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 20

Diffusion of a solvent through a membrane

Answer 20

Osmosis

Question 21

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells.

Answer 21

Tonicity

Question 22

have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water.

Answer 22

Isotonic

Question 23

Higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate.

Answer 23

Hypertonic

Question 24

More dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse.

Answer 24

Hypotonic

Question 25

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances.

Answer 25

Active Transport

Question 26

AKA Voltage, Electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles.

Answer 26

Membrane Potential

Question 27

These are cell surface proteins that mediate the interaction between cells.

Answer 27

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Question 28

Group of integral proteins that serve as binding sites which play a role in contact signaling and chemical signaling.

Answer 28

Plasma Membrane Receptors

Question 29

Signals from the nervous system.

Answer 29

Neurotransmitters

Question 30

Signals from the endocrine system.

Answer 30

Hormones

Question 31

Chemicals that act locally and are rapidly destroyed.

Answer 31

Paracrine

Question 32

A cell targets itself.

Answer 32

Autocrine

Question 33

A cell targets a cell connected by gap junctions.

Answer 33

Signaling across gap junctions

Question 34

A cell targets a nearby cell.

Answer 34

Paracrine

Question 35

A cell targets a distant cell through the bloodstream.

Answer 35

Endocrine