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Cardiovascular Anatomy & Embryology > Module 2: Cardiac Chambers > Flashcards

Module 2: Cardiac Chambers Flashcards

1
Q

Left atrium continously…

A

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the 4 pulmonary veins which enter the left atrium posteriorly.

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2
Q

The left atrial walls are around

A

3mm thick and is smooth walled except for the left atrial appendage.

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3
Q

The left atrial appendage contains

A

pectinate muscle and does not have a definite function

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4
Q

The left atrium is separated from the right atrium by the

A

interatrial septum

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5
Q

The left ventricle is the main

A

‘pump’ for the body, pumping oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the body.

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6
Q

The left ventricle only receives blood from the

A

left atrium when the mitral valve opens

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7
Q

The left ventricle is

A

shaped and muscular

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8
Q

Left ventricle wall thickness is

A

between 9 and 11mm

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9
Q

When electrically stimulated the LV muscle contracts to eject up to

A

80% of the blood within it

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10
Q

LV: the inflow portion

A

where blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle

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11
Q

LV: the outflow portion

A

where blood flows out of the left ventricle through to the aorta

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12
Q

The left ventricle contains 2 papillary muscles

A

anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles

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13
Q

These papillary muscles attach to the mitral valve leaflets via

A

chordae tendinea

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14
Q

The left ventricle is separated from the right ventricle by the

A

interventricular septum

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15
Q

The LV has one inflow

A

the left atrium via the mitral valve

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16
Q

The LV has one outflow

A

the aorta via the aortic valve

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17
Q

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood form

A

the body via the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava

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18
Q

Blood from IVC and SVC enter the right atrium

A

posteriorly and inferiorly/superiorly respectively

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19
Q

The right atrium also receives deoxygenated blood from the

A

coronary arteries via the coronary sinus

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20
Q

The superior vena cava returns blood from

A

body regions superior to the diaphragm

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21
Q

The inferior vena cava returns blood from

A

body areas below the diaphragm

22
Q

The coronary sinus collects blood draining from

A

the myocardium

23
Q

The RV then delivers this blood through the tricuspid valve to the

A

right ventricle

24
Q

The RV is approximately how thick?

A

2m

25
Q

The right atrium also has an appendage called the

A

right atrial appendage

26
Q

The right atrial appendage

A

which like the left atrial appendage contains pectinate muscle and serves no definite function

27
Q

The right atrium contains the

A

fossa ovalis

28
Q

The fossa ovalis is

A

an embryonic structure, located in the interatrial septum on the right atrial side

29
Q

Chiari network

A

a weblike structure in the right atrium - near the opening of inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

30
Q

The right ventricle is the

A

pump to the lungs

31
Q

The right atrium pumps

A

deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs where is can be oxygenated

32
Q

The right atrium recieves deoxygenated blood from

A

the right atrium when the tricuspid valve opens

33
Q

The RV wall thickness is

A

between 4 and 5 mm

34
Q

The RV contains

A

the moderator band

35
Q

The moderator band is also known as

A

septomarginal trabecula

36
Q

The moderator band

A

connects the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle

37
Q

The moderator band is important because it

A

carries the electrical impulse from the right bundle branch (in the interventricular septum) to the anterior papillary muscle to allow coordinated contraction of the RV

38
Q

The RV also contains the

A

crista supraventricularis

39
Q

The crista supraventricularis

A

a muscular ridge located between the tricuspid and pulmonic valves

40
Q

The RV has … papillary muscles

A

3

41
Q

RV: 3 papillary muscles attach to

A

the leaflets of the tricuspid valve

42
Q

All cardiac chambers are made up of

A

myocardium – cardiac muscle

43
Q

The layers of the myocardium from the inside out are

A

the endocardium, the myocardium and the epicardium

44
Q

The endocardium covers

A

the inner surfaces of the heart, including the heart valves

45
Q

The endocardium is made up of

A

a layer of epithelium and underlying areolar tissue

46
Q

The middle of the heart is

A

the myocardium which is the muscle tissue

47
Q

The myocardium contains

A

cardiac muscle cells, connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves

48
Q

The myocardium forms

A

a complex spiral around the ventricles allowing a wringing motion to more efficiently eject blood in systole

49
Q

The outer layer of the heart is

A

the epicardial layer

50
Q

The epicardial layer is also known as

A

the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

51
Q

The epicardium covers

A

the outer surface of the heart

Cardiovascular Anatomy & Embryology (5 decks)

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