Module 2: Cardiac Chambers Flashcards
Left atrium continously…
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the 4 pulmonary veins which enter the left atrium posteriorly.
The left atrial walls are around
3mm thick and is smooth walled except for the left atrial appendage.
The left atrial appendage contains
pectinate muscle and does not have a definite function
The left atrium is separated from the right atrium by the
interatrial septum
The left ventricle is the main
‘pump’ for the body, pumping oxygenated blood from the left atrium to the body.
The left ventricle only receives blood from the
left atrium when the mitral valve opens
The left ventricle is
shaped and muscular
Left ventricle wall thickness is
between 9 and 11mm
When electrically stimulated the LV muscle contracts to eject up to
80% of the blood within it
LV: the inflow portion
where blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle
LV: the outflow portion
where blood flows out of the left ventricle through to the aorta
The left ventricle contains 2 papillary muscles
anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles
These papillary muscles attach to the mitral valve leaflets via
chordae tendinea
The left ventricle is separated from the right ventricle by the
interventricular septum
The LV has one inflow
the left atrium via the mitral valve
The LV has one outflow
the aorta via the aortic valve
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood form
the body via the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava
Blood from IVC and SVC enter the right atrium
posteriorly and inferiorly/superiorly respectively
The right atrium also receives deoxygenated blood from the
coronary arteries via the coronary sinus
The superior vena cava returns blood from
body regions superior to the diaphragm
The inferior vena cava returns blood from
body areas below the diaphragm
The coronary sinus collects blood draining from
the myocardium
The RV then delivers this blood through the tricuspid valve to the
right ventricle
The RV is approximately how thick?
2m
The right atrium also has an appendage called the
right atrial appendage
The right atrial appendage
which like the left atrial appendage contains pectinate muscle and serves no definite function
The right atrium contains the
fossa ovalis
The fossa ovalis is
an embryonic structure, located in the interatrial septum on the right atrial side
Chiari network
a weblike structure in the right atrium - near the opening of inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
The right ventricle is the
pump to the lungs
The right atrium pumps
deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs where is can be oxygenated
The right atrium recieves deoxygenated blood from
the right atrium when the tricuspid valve opens
The RV wall thickness is
between 4 and 5 mm
The RV contains
the moderator band
The moderator band is also known as
septomarginal trabecula
The moderator band
connects the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle
The moderator band is important because it
carries the electrical impulse from the right bundle branch (in the interventricular septum) to the anterior papillary muscle to allow coordinated contraction of the RV
The RV also contains the
crista supraventricularis
The crista supraventricularis
a muscular ridge located between the tricuspid and pulmonic valves
The RV has … papillary muscles
3
RV: 3 papillary muscles attach to
the leaflets of the tricuspid valve
All cardiac chambers are made up of
myocardium – cardiac muscle
The layers of the myocardium from the inside out are
the endocardium, the myocardium and the epicardium
The endocardium covers
the inner surfaces of the heart, including the heart valves
The endocardium is made up of
a layer of epithelium and underlying areolar tissue
The middle of the heart is
the myocardium which is the muscle tissue
The myocardium contains
cardiac muscle cells, connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves
The myocardium forms
a complex spiral around the ventricles allowing a wringing motion to more efficiently eject blood in systole
The outer layer of the heart is
the epicardial layer
The epicardial layer is also known as
the visceral layer of the serous pericardium
The epicardium covers
the outer surface of the heart
