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OCR Biology > Module 2: Biological membranes > Flashcards

Module 2: Biological membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main function of biological membranes?

A

To control the entry and exit of substances into and out of cells.

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2
Q

True or False: Biological membranes are selectively permeable.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the lipid bilayer composed of in biological membranes?

A

Phospholipids

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4
Q

What is the role of proteins in biological membranes?

A

Transport, enzyme activity, cell recognition, and cell adhesion.

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5
Q

Which type of proteins span the entire lipid bilayer in biological membranes?

A

Integral proteins

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6
Q

What are the two types of integral proteins in biological membranes?

A

Transmembrane proteins and lipid-anchored proteins

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7
Q

What type of proteins are attached to the surface of the lipid bilayer in biological membranes?

A

Peripheral proteins

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8
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in biological membranes?

A

Maintains membrane fluidity and stability

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9
Q

What is the role of glycoproteins and glycolipids in biological membranes?

A

Cell recognition and communication

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10
Q

What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion in biological membranes?

A

Simple diffusion does not require proteins, while facilitated diffusion does.

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11
Q

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport in biological membranes?

A

Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.

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12
Q

What is the process by which large molecules are transported across biological membranes?

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

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13
Q

What is the term for the engulfing of particles by the cell membrane in biological membranes?

A

Phagocytosis

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14
Q

What is the term for the engulfing of liquids by the cell membrane in biological membranes?

A

Pinocytosis

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15
Q

What is the term for the specific uptake of macromolecules by the cell membrane in biological membranes?

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

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16
Q

What is the term for the fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane to release contents in biological membranes?

A

Exocytosis

17
Q

What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane in biological membranes?

A

Osmosis

18
Q

What is the term for the movement of substances against their concentration gradient in biological membranes?

A

Active transport

19
Q

What is the term for the movement of substances down their concentration gradient in biological membranes?

A

Passive transport

20
Q

What is the term for the transport of substances across a biological membrane without the use of proteins in biological membranes?

A

Simple diffusion

21
Q

What is the term for the transport of substances across a biological membrane with the help of proteins in biological membranes?

A

Facilitated diffusion

22
Q

What is the term for the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in biological membranes?

A

Diffusion

23
Q

What is the term for the process of a cell engulfing external materials by extending pseudopods in biological membranes?

A

Phagocytosis

24
Q

What is the term for the process of a cell taking in fluid and dissolved substances by forming vesicles in biological membranes?

A

Pinocytosis

25
Q

What is the term for the process of a cell taking in specific molecules bound to receptors on the cell membrane in biological membranes?

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

26
Q

Define cell signalling.

A

Cells communicating with each other by sending and receiving signals.

27
Q

Glycoproteins act as receptors for …

A

Cell signalling, as it causes a reaction when a molecule binds to it.

28
Q

3 roles of glycoproteins in membranes?

A
  1. Cell signalling
  2. Act as antigens
  3. Cell adhesion

OCR Biology (6 decks)

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