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BIO 315 - Microbiology > Module 2 - Bacteria > Flashcards

Module 2 - Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Name for spherical shape? Example?

A
  • Coccus

- Staphyloccus aureus

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2
Q

Name for rod shape?

Example?

A
  • Bacillus

- Escherichia coli

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3
Q

Name for curved rod?

Example

A
  • Vibrio

- Vibrio cholerae

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4
Q

Name for spiral shape?

Example?

A
  • Sprillum

- Treponema pallidum

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5
Q

What can affect change in bacterial morphology?

A

Environmental conditions

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6
Q

Term used for variable cell morphologies?

Example

A
  • Pleiomorphic

- Mycoplasma

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7
Q

What are branching filaments composed of chains of cells called? What group of bacteria exhibit these?

A
  • Hyphae

- Actinomycete

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8
Q

Hyphae can form three-dimensional networks called?

A

Mycelia

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9
Q

Size ranges visible with electron microscope

A
  • Above .005 micrometers

- Proteins, viruses, most bacertia

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10
Q

Size ranges visible with light microscope

A
  • Above 0.2 micrometers

- Viruses, most bacteria, eukaryal cell

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11
Q

Size ranges visible with human eye

A
  • Above 100 micrometers

- Ant, adult roundworm

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12
Q

Typical size for a eukaryal cell

A

About 10 micrometers

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13
Q

What is a Nucleoid composed of?

A

DNA, RNA, and protein

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14
Q

What is the function of a Nucleoid?

A

Genetic information storage and gene expression

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15
Q

What is a Chromosome-packaging protein composed of?

A

Protein

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16
Q

What is the function of a Chromosome-packaging proteins?

A

Protection and compaction of genomic DNA

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17
Q

What are enzymes composed of?

A

Protein

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18
Q

What is the function of enzymes involved in synthesis of DNA, RNA

A

Replication of the genome, transcription

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19
Q

What are Regulatory Factors composed of?

A

Protein, RNA

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20
Q

What is the function of Regulatory Factors?

A

Control of replication, transcription, and translation

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21
Q

What are Ribosomes composed of?

A

RNA, Protein

22
Q

What is the function of Ribosomes?

A

Translation (protein synthesis)

23
Q

What are plasmids composed of?

24
Q

What is the function of plasmids?

A

Encode non-chromosomal genes for a variety of functions

25
Q

What are enzymes involved in breaking down substrates composed of?

26
Q

What is the function of enzymes involved in breaking down substrates composed of?

A
  • Energy production

- Providing anabolic precursors

27
Q

What are Inclusion Bodies composed of?

A

Various polymers

28
Q

What is the function of Inclusion Bodies?

A

Storage of carbon, phosphate, nitrogen, sulfur

29
Q

What are Gas Vesicles composed of?

30
Q

What is the function of Gas Vesicles?

31
Q

What are Magnetosomes composed of?

A

Protein, lipid, iron

32
Q

What is the function of Magnetosomes?

A

Orienting cell during movement

33
Q

What are Cytoskeletal Structures composed of?

34
Q

What are the functions of Cytoskeletal Structures?

A
  • Guiding cell wall synthesis
  • Cell division
  • Partitioning of chromosomes during replication
35
Q

Define Carboxysomes

A

Produced by Cyanobacteria and contain the key enzymes involved in the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic matter

36
Q

Define Sulfur Globules

A

Represent another form of intracellular storage

37
Q

Define Inclusion Bodies

A

Storage of various nutrients

38
Q

Define Magnetotactic Bacteria. What particles did they contain?

A
  • Group of bacteria that orient themselves along the magnetic field lines of Earth’s magnetic field
  • Rich in iron due to chains of membrane-enclosed particles
39
Q

What are the internal proteins that compose the bacteria cytoskeleton?

A
  • FtsZ
  • MreB
  • ParM
  • ParR
40
Q

Function of the FtsZ protein?

A

Forms the Z-ring which is needed for bacterial cell division

41
Q

Function of the MreB protein?

A
  • Evolutionarily related to actin
  • Forms filaments in helical patterns on the inner face of the plasma membrane
  • Provides shape to the cell
42
Q

Function of the ParM protein?

A
  • Forms filaments that direct plasmid movement to either side of the cell
  • Ensures plasmid segregation
43
Q

Function of the ParR protein?

A

Recognizes the plasmid DNA and connects with the ParR filament

44
Q

What protein has a homologue in eukaryotes, and what homologue?

A

MreB acts as actin

45
Q

What are hopanoids?

A

Sterol-like planar molecules that stabilize the plasma membrane

46
Q

What is it called when materials or nutrients need assistance to cross the plasma membrane?

A

Facilitated

47
Q

What type of transport is driven by the expenditure of energy to drive the movement of solutes against its concentration gradient?

A

Active Transport

48
Q

What type of transport is driven without the expenditure of energy to drive the movement of solutes against its concentration gradient?

A

Passive Transport

49
Q

When the cytoplasm has a higher solute concentration than the external environment, causing water to move into the cell (cell expands), what kind of solution is it considered?

50
Q

When the cytoplasm has a lower solute concentration than the external environment, causing water to move out of the cell (cell shrinks), what kind of solution is it considered?

A

Hypertonic

51
Q

What prevents a cell from collapsing structurally?

BIO 315 - Microbiology (8 decks)

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