Module 2: Attachment Theory: Individual Differences

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

distinctive qualities that characterized an individual that are relatively stable over time and across different situations, and that influence how the person behaves in and adapts to the world

Question 2

trait approach

Answer 2

researchers that use the trait approach to identify a core set of personality traits by conducting extensive statistical analysis of the adjectives people use to describe themselves and others

Question 3

Big Five

hint: OCEAN

Answer 3

among all the traits that may be used to describe people, there are FIVE TRAITS that identify personality differences between individuals.

OPENNESS - receptiveness to new things
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS - degree of discipline and organization
EXTRAVERSION - preference for social interaction and lively activity
AGREEABLENESS - selfless concern for others; generous and trusting
NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY - inclination to experience unpleasant emotions (anxiety, depression, low self-esteem)

Question 4

children who display frequent and severe temper tantrums before age 10 are…

Answer 4

twice as likely to divorce years later

Question 5

women with a history of childhood tantrums tend to marry men of

Answer 5

lower occupational status

Question 6

children who are judged at age 3 to be “under-controlled” - restless, impulsive, easily frustrated and mood - are inclined to have…

Answer 6

turbulent and conflicted relationships at age 21

Question 7

individuals high in negative affectivity, appear to be

Answer 7

vulnerable to poor relationships

Question 8

people high in negative affectivity, tend to interpret their partner’s negative behaviour

Answer 8

in a critical manner, and more stable and rigid over time

Question 9

couples with compatible TEMPERAMENT have happier relationships – particularly when they are both _____ and ____

Answer 9

agreeable and open

Question 10

which of the OCEAN traits matter the most in relationships?

Answer 10

negative affectivity and agreeableness.

they set the day to day emotional tone within our partnership.

Question 11

dependence regulation model

Answer 11

people with low self-esteem underestimate how favourably their partners view them

Question 12

the four key phases in the dependence regulation model

Answer 12

1) low self-esteem
2) underestimating the partners regard for self
3) perceiving the partner in an unfavourable light and expressing discontent
4) perceiving the relationship in an unfavourable light