Module #2 Flashcards
cofactor
a non-protein molecule used by enzymes to catalyze reactions. Any non-protein molecule that is an organic molecule is considered a co-enzyme, a special type of co-factor. Otherwise, a co-factor is inorganic.
Prosthetic group
A prosthetic group is a collection of atoms or molecule that attach onto enzymes to help them catalyze reactions.
Competitive inhibition
Enzymes that experience competitive inhibition are inhibited from catalyzing reactions because a similar molecule to the substrate binds with the enzyme, thereby blocking the substrate from binding with the enzyme. Effectively, the inhibitor competes with the substrate.
Non-competitive inhibition
A non-competitive inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on an enzyme. The allosteric site is not here the substrate binds to. Therefore, it inhibits the enzyme from functioning properly by changing its shape to the point it can’t undergo an induced fit model reaction to bind with the substrate.
Kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from itself and onto the substrate, thereby providing it with potential energy, given that phosphate molecules don’t want to stay together.
Therefore, the energy required to keep them together provides the substrate with potential energy. A phosphatase enzyme removes an phosphate from the substrate.
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Cooperativity is when a substrate that binds at one subunit location of enzyme changes the shape of the other subunits on the enzyme.
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Multienzyme complexes are when multiple enzymes collect together to carry out individual steps in a series of reactions.
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Feedback inhibition is the mechanism by which enzyme metabolic pathways are regulated.
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An organism’s metabolism is the total set of chemical reactions performed by an organism
The metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions that takes a molecule and modifies it for some purpose
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Catabolic pathways break materials down, in some cases to harvest energy.
Anabolic pathways use energy to build molecules
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