Chapter 22 Flashcards
1) Which of the following statements best describes theories?
B
2) Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier’s attempt to explain the existence of
B
3) With what other idea of his time was Cuvier’s theory of catastrophism most in conflict?
D
4) What was the prevailing belief prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?
A
5) During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, “The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result.” Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student’s misconception?
A
6) Which of the following is the most accurate summary of Cuvier’s consideration of fossils found in the vicinity of Paris?
C
7) In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko’s attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of
C
8) Charles Darwin was the first person to propose
D
9) Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time?
A
10) Natural selection is based on all of the following except
E
11) Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus?
B
12) Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of the following events, under the influence of natural selection?
A
13) A biologist studied a population of squirrels for 15 years. During that time, the population was never fewer than 30 squirrels and never more than 45. Her data showed that over half of the squirrels born did not survive to reproduce, because of both competition for food and predation. In a single generation, 90% of the squirrels that were born lived to reproduce, and the population increased to 80. Which inference(s) about this population might be true?
E
14) Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?
A
15) Which of Darwin’s ideas had the strongest connection to Darwin having read Malthus’s essay on human population growth?
C
16) If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement?
A
17) The role that humans play in artificial selection is to
C
18) Currently, two extant elephant species (X and Y) are placed in the genus Loxodonta, and a third species (Z) is placed in the genus Elephas. Thus, which statement should be true?
B
19) The rise of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be considered to be an example of artificial selection because
C
20) In a hypothetical environment, fishes called pike-cichlids are visual predators of algae-eating fish (in other words, they locate their prey by sight). If a population of algae-eaters experiences predation pressure from pike-cichlids, which of the following is least likely to be observed in the algae-eater population over the course of many generations?
C
21) DDT was once considered a “silver bullet” that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Today, instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have been required for this pest eradication effort to be successful in the long run?
D
22) If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic-resistance genes, then what should happen in environments from which antibiotics are missing?
B
