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Preliminary Biology > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Unicellular

A

Organisms composed of a single cell

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2
Q

Multicellular

A

A community of cells that work co-operatively to survive and reproduce

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3
Q

Colonial organism

A

An organism made up of two or more organisms living in close association

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4
Q

Colonial organism: Obligate

A

Survival depends on colony

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5
Q

Colonial organism: Facultative

A

Forms colonies when helpful

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6
Q

Example: Colonial organism

A

Blue bottle

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7
Q

Gas exchange in plants

A

Plants take in carbon dioxide. They don’t have lungs so the leaves are the primary site of gas exchange

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8
Q

Stomata

A

Small paws in plant tissue that allow gases in and out. Flanked by specialised cells known as guard cells

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9
Q

Gas exchange in animals

A

Unicellular organisms exchange via simple diffusion. Whereas multicellular require specialised organ systems

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10
Q

Efficient respiratory features

A

Thin moist surface, high Sa:V ratio, ventilation and a carrier fluid

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11
Q

Example: Carrier fluid

A

Blood

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12
Q

How plants acquire nutrients

A

Through their gas exchange and root system

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13
Q

Nutrients plants roots absorb

A

Water, nitrogen and vitamins

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14
Q

How plants absorb nutrients

A

Plants roots are lined with specialised cells which have a long folded membrane that absorbs nutrients efficiently

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15
Q

How animals acquire nutrients

A

Through digestion and alimentary canals

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16
Q

Nutrients

A

Any substance an organism needs to survive, grow and reproduce

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17
Q

Inorganic nutrients

A

Simple compounds

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18
Q

Example: Inorganic nutrients

A

water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen

19
Q

Organic nutrients

A

Complex compounds

20
Q

Example: Organic nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, vitamins

21
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Sunlight converts into chemical energy involving the chloroplast

22
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Carbon dioxide + Water (sunlight) = glucose + oxygen

23
Q

Respiration

A

Converting glucose into ATP involving the mitochondria

24
Q

Enzymes

A

Complex organic molecules that need to be broken into subunits to be absorbed by cells

25
Q

Factors effecting enzymes

A

Temperature, PH, concentration

26
Q

Transport systen in heterotophs

A

Blood acts a transport median moving nutrients via the circulatory system

27
Q

Circulatory system components

A

Blood, blood vessels, heart

28
Q

Blood vessels

A

Vascular tubes that channel blood through the body

29
Q

Arteries

A

Thick and muscular. Transport away from the heart

30
Q

Veins

A

Vessels with valves. Transport back to the heart

31
Q

Capillaries

A

Thin vessels. Connects arteries and veins

32
Q

The heart

A

A chambered, muscular organ that pumps blood around the body

33
Q

How does the heart contract

A

Using electric discharges caused by pace maker cells

34
Q

Circulatory systems in animals (comparison)

A

Vary in structure, open vs closed

35
Q

Xylem

A

Transports water and minerals from the roots up

36
Q

Phloem

A

Transport sugars and nutrients up and down t

37
Q

What is the Xylem made out of

A

Dead cells

38
Q

What is the Phloem made out of

A

Living cells

39
Q

Transpiration

A

The movement of water from the roots to the leaves via the xylem

40
Q

How does transpiration work

A

Cohesion and adhesion

41
Q

Adhesion

A

Between water molecules and the side of cell

42
Q

Cohesion

A

Between water molecules

43
Q

Translocation

A

Moves dissolved nutrients from source to sink via the phloem

44
Q

How does translocation work

A

Osmosis and specialised cells

Preliminary Biology (4 decks)

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