Module 2 Flashcards
Stage 1 of prenatal development
- Zygote: Cell formed by union of sperm and ovum
Stage 2 of prenatal development
Embryo: second to eight week of development
Stage 3 of prenatal development
- Fetus: 9th week until birth
What is the Age of viability?
20 weeks
- Requires NICU care to survive
Umbilical Cord
-Life lin between mom and babe
- Two arteries carry blood away from fetus
- One vein returns blood to fetus
Usually pertrudes out the centre of the placenta
What covers the umbilical cord vessels
Wharton Jelly
How long is the umbilical card?
55 cm ( 22 inches)
Functions of Amniotic Fluid
- Even temperature
- stops sac from sticking to fetus
- Allows babe to move
- Cushion to protect babe and umbilical cord from injury
Fetal Circulation Shunts
- Foramen Ovale
- Ductus Arteriosus
- Ductus Venosus
Ductus Venosus
Diverts some blood away from the liver as it returns from the placenta
Ductus Arteriosus
- Diverts most blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Foramen Ovale
Diverts most blood from the right atrium directly to the left atrium rather then circulating it to the lungs.
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
- Nausea
- Fatigue/ Drowsiness
- Urinary Frequency
- Quickening
- Subjective changes felt by the woman
Probably Signs of pregnancy
Objective signs observed by an examiner
Goodell Sign
Probably sign of pregnancy
- Softing of the cervix
- caused by increased vaginal congestion
Chadwick Sign
Probably sign of pregnancy
- purple or blue discolouration of cervix, vagina and vulva
- caused by vascular congestion, hormonal imbalance or infection
Hegar Sign
Probable sign of pregnancy
- Softening of lower uterine segment
Positive Signs of Pregnancy
- Audible Fetal Heartbeat
- Fetal Movement felt by examiner
- Ultrasound visualization of fetus
Stages of Pregency
Antepartum
Intrapartum
Postpartum
Obsetric History
G- Gravida T- Term ( 38 weeks) P- Preterm(20-37 weeks) A- Abortion L- Living
Estimated Date of Delivery is determined by …
1) Identifying Last Normal Menstrual Period ( LNMP)
2) Count backwards 3 months
3) add 7 days
4) Update the year
Common Discomforts in pregancy
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Heartburn
- Constipation
- Backache
- vaginal discharge
- Leg cramps
- Hemorrhoids
4 Main Nutrients that are especially important in pregnancy
- Protein
- Calcium
- Iron
- Folic Acid
Changes to these systems due to pregnancy
- Microbiome
- Endocrine
- Reproductive
- Respiratory
- Cardiovascular
- Gastrointestinal
- Integumentary and Skeletal
Temporary Endocrine Organ
Placenta
Uterus Changes in pregnancy
- size, shape, position
- Contractility
- Uteroplacental blood flow
- cervical changes
- Changes related to fetal presence
First Visit Assessment
- Blood work
- Pelvic exam and STI testing
- Urine
- Weight
- VS
- Fully Health History
- Partners Health History
- Pregnancy Education books/website
Routine Assessments at Each Prenatal Visit
- Risk Factors ( review old and assess for new)
- Vitals and Weight( is weight gain normal
- Urinalysis ( protein, glucose, ketone levels)
- Blood Glucose screening
- Fundal Height
- Leopold Maneuvers: presentation and position
- Fetal heart rate
- Nutrition intake: Folic Acid
First Trimester 11-14 week blood work
Beta- hCG
PAPP-A
( if these are high they maybe related to certain birth defects)
Nuchal Translucency Ultrasound
Second Trimester/Third Trimester
- Maternal serum quad screen
What week do you do Open Neural Tubal Defect screen
15-21 weeks
Glucose testing at what weeks
24-28 weeks
RH Testing is done at what week
24- 28 weeks
Glucose tolerance test
- Detects diabetes in pregnancy
- 24-28 weeks
