Module 1 Flashcards
External Genitalia of a male
Penis
Scrotum
Why is the scrotum Necessary?
For Spermatogenesis
Internal Genitalia of a Male
Testes
What hormone do Testes excrete ?
Androgens: Testosterone.
External Genitalia of a female
Mons Pubis
Clitoris
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Where is an Ovum Fertilized?
The fallopian tubes
Best pelvis shape for giving birth
Gynecoid
Worst pelis shape for giving birth
Platypelloid
Typical Male shaped pelvis
Android
Functions of the Pelvis
Support and distribute body weight
Support and protect Pelvic organs
Form the birth passageway.
What do the Montgomery Glands do
Secrete a substance to lubricate and protect the breasts during lactation.
What hormones stimulate maturation of the ovarian follicle?
- FSH
- LH
A surge of LH stimulates final release of ovum
When is the ovum released?
14 days before onset of menstrual period
When should women start preforming Breast self examinations?
After 20 years of age.
When is the best time to preform a BSE?
1 week after the beginning of the menstrual cycle
What is the chief value of a BSE?
As a woman you get to learn how your own breast feels
this is valuable if you experience or feel any tissue changes
When should you have a professional Breast Examination?
once a year after 20 years of age.
What are the 3 types of Pelvic Examinations?
- Vulvar self examination
- Pap smear
- Pelvic Examination
When should you preform a vulgar self examination?
- after 18 years of age or when you become sexually active
What are you looking for with a Vulvar examination?
Leisons masses new growths pain inflammation skin colour changes ulcers
What is a pap test used for?
To identify any changes in the vaginal or cervical tissues
Two classes of STIs ?
Fungal or bacterial
Viral
Fungal or Bacterial STIs
Candidiases Trichomoniasis Bacterial Vaginosis Chlamydia Trachomatis Gonorrhea Syphilis PID
Viral STIs
Herpes Simplex Virus II
Human Papillomavirus ( HPV )
Hep B
HIV/AIDS
Signs and Symptoms of Candidiasis
- Itching and burning during urination
- Inflammation of the vulva and vagina
- cottage cheese appearance of discharge
Signs and symptoms of Trichomoniasis
- Thin, foul smelling, green/yellow discharge
- vulvar itching
- Edema
- Redness
How does Trichomoniasis effect a pregnancy
- does not cross placenta
- can cause postpartum infections
Signs and Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis
Thin, grey discharge with fishy odor
How does Bacterial Vaginosis affect pregnancy?
It is associated with preterm delivery
can infect infant at birth
Signs and Symptoms of Chlamydia
Yellow Discharge
painful Urination
can cause scarring on fallopian tubes if left untreated
How does Chlamydia affect pregnancy?
Via the birth canal can cause
- Conjunctivitis
- Pneumonia
Signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea
- Purulent discharge
- Painful urination
- Dyspareunia
How does Gonorrhea affect pregnancy
- Affects newborns eyes during birth causes ophthalmia neonatroum
What prophylactic eye care do babies receive?
Erythromycin
3 stages of Syphilis
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
How does syphilis Affect pregnancy
- crosses placenta
- causes congenital Syphilis
- Stillbirth
- Spntaneous Abortion
Signs and Symptoms of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ( PID )
- Fever
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Abnormal vaginal discharge
- Nausea
- Anorexia
- Irregular Vaginal Bleeding
Signs and symptoms of Human Papillomavirus
- Cauliflower shaped warts on genitals
- Change to cervical Cells
- Often no Signs and Symptoms
How does Human Papillomavirus affect pregnancy?
Infant may have laryngeal papillomas
Signs and Symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
- Clusters of painful vesicles on outer genitalia
- rupture and heal in 12 days
How is Herpes Transmitted
Contagious when sores are open
virus hides in nerve cells and can reappear years later.
Signs and Symptoms of HIV/AIDS
- Weight loss
- Night Sweats
- Fever
- Chills
- Fatigue
- Enlarged Lymph nodes
- Skin Rashes
- Diarrhea
- Immune Suppression
How does HIV/AIDS transmit in infants or pregnancy?
If there are breaks in skin
if infant is bottle fed.
What factors influence choice of contraceptive methods?
- age
- health status
- Religion/Culture
- Impact of unplanned pregnancy on the woman or family
- Desire for future children
- Frequency of sexual intercourse
- Expense
- Number of sexual partners
Natural Family Planning
( Fertility Awareness)
- Learning to identify signs of fertility
- Acceptable to most reliogions
- no administration of medication or use of devices
- Reversable
- Failure rate of 20%
Menarche and Puberty
First Period/ beginning of menstration.
Amenorrhea ( Menstrual Cycle Disorder)
- Absence of flow
- usually due to pregnancy
Dysmenorrhea ( Menstrual cycle disorder)
- Pain during or shortly after cycle( cramps)
- Common problem in women of all ages
Premenstrual Syyndrome
PMS
- cycle symptoms before cycle
- cluster of physical, mood and behaviour symptoms
Treatment for Menstrual Cycle Disorders
Excercise
Diet
NSAIDS
Endometriosis
Presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
Signs and symptoms of Endometriosis
- Pelvic Pain
- Painful Intercourse
Treatment of Endometriosis
Surgery
Drug Therapy
Primary infertility
- Women who have never been pregnant
Secondary Infertility
- Women who have been pregnant in the past
Infertility effects what age group the most
Women ages 40 and older
Treatment of Infertility
Physical
Emotional
Psycological
and Financial investment
Factors Associated with female infertility
- Ovarian
- Tubal peritoneal
- uTERINE
- Vaginal/cervical
- isoimunization
Factors associated with MALE infertility
- Structural or hormonal disorders
- Undescended testes
Hypospadias - Varicose vein of the scrotum
- Low testosterone
-substance use
