Module 2 Flashcards
Autonomic Nervous System Drugs
Nervous Systems consist of two main?
Central Nervous system and Peripheral Nervous System
CNS
Central Nervous System - Brain and Spinal corde
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System - Nerves outside CNS
Within the PNS there is Efferent Division and Afferent Division. What is the difference between these nerves?
Efferent Division -signals FROM brain/spinal cord
Afferent Division- signals TO brain/spinal cord
ANS
Autonomic Nervous System: Involuntary- acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal.
SNS
Somatic nervous system: voluntary portion of the peripheral nervous system -body movements via skeletal muscles. Consists of Efferent and Afferent signals
ANS is made up of :
Sympathetic-
Parasympathetic-
- Fight-or flight
- rest and digest
How Nerves Transmit Signals
When receptors filled, signals transmitted down neuron after which process repeats itself when signal jumps from nerve to nerves. Receptors travel over the synaptic cleft to adjacent nerve endings.
Neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH)
released from nerve ending into synaptic cleft(space between nerves). Function is to carry signals from motor neurons to the body’s skeletal muscles.
After ACH travels across synaptic cleft they?
bind to receptors on adjacent neuron.
After signal transmitted, ACH broken down by?
enzyme acetylcholinesterse (ACE) and recycled back into nerve ending for use in next transmission called “re-uptake”
Cholinergic Drugs
para-sympathomimetic: Stimulate parasympathetic(rest and digest) action at muscarinic, nicotinic receptors. Various drugs that inhibit, enhance, or mimic the action of the neurotransmitter(ACH) of nerve impulses w/in PNS (contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increase bodily secretions, and slows heart rate.
Acetylcholine
neurotransmitter affected. ACH are chemical messages in the brain. Carries signals from motor neurons to the body’s skeletal muscles.
Cholinergic agonist drugs
mimic action of acetylcholine
Anti-cholinesterases
inhibit acetylcholine destruction at receptor sites. BLOCK ACH
Cholinergic agonist drugs are used for:
- increase bladder tone
- treat GI distention (bloating and swelling in belly) and atony (loss of strength in a muscle)
- Reduce eye pressure in glaucoma.
Adverse Effects of Cholinergic agonist drugs
Cholinergic agonists bind PNS receptors ➡can produce adverse effect in any organ innervated(supplied) by parasympathetic nerves.
- nausea, vomiting
- cramps, diarrhea
- blurred vision
- decreased heart rate, low blood pressure
- shortness of breath
- urinary frequency
- increased salivation/sweating
anti-cholinesterase drugs (ACD) inhibit? Allowing?
acetyl-cholinesterase(ACE)
-ACH (acetylcholine) to accumulate in the synaptic cleft, prolonging its effect.
2 categories of Anti-cholinesterases drugs:
- Reversible
- Irreversible
- Short duration of action; minutes to hours
- long-lasting effects; days to weeks; used as toxic insecticies, pesticides, nerve gas.