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BioMed 1110 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

To mater the terms and concepts in Module 2. Study guide and test review hand out.

1
Q

Element

A

A substance which cannot be split into simpler substances by chemical means

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2
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest unit of matter which retains the properties and characteristics of the element

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3
Q

Oxygen (O)

A

65% of total body mass

Part of water and many organic molecules

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4
Q

Organic molecules

A

Carbon containing molecules

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5
Q

Carbon (C)

A

18.5% of total body mass

Forms backbone chains and rings of all organic molecules, carbohydrates,lipids, proteins,nucleic acids

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6
Q

Hydrogen (H)

A

9.5% of body mass

Constituent of water and most organic molecules

ionized form (H+) makes body fluids more acidic

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7
Q

Nitrogen (N)

A

3.2% of total body mass

Component of all proteins and nucleic acids

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8
Q

Blood Urea

A

The product of protein breakdown in the blood

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9
Q

Macroelements

A

O 65%
C 18.5%
H 9.5%
N 3.2%

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10
Q

Calcium (Ca)

A

Contributes to the hardness of bones and teeth

The ionized form (Ca2+) is needed for blood clotting,the release of some hormones.and the contraction of muscles

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11
Q

Phosphorous (P)

A

component of nucleic acids and ATP

Required for normal bone/tooth structure

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12
Q

Potassium (K)

A

ionized form (K+) is the most plentiful cation inside the cell

Needed for nerve activity

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13
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

Molecule needed to store chemical energy for the cell

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14
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged particle (ion)

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15
Q

Sulfur (S)

A

Component of some vitamins and many proteins

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16
Q

Sodium (Na)

A

ionized form (Na+) is the most plentiful cation in the extracellular fluid

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17
Q

Chlorine (Cl)

A

Ionized form (Cl-) is the most plentiful anion in the extracellular fluid

Essentil for maintaining water balance

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18
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged particle (ion)

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19
Q

Magnesium (Mg)

A

ionized form (Mg2+) needed for many enzymes

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20
Q

Enzymes

A

molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions in organisms

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21
Q

Iron (Fe)

A

ionized forms (Fe2+and Fe3+) are part of hemoglobin and some enzymes

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22
Q

Hemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying proteins in red blood cells (RBC)

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23
Q

Microelements

A 
Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Sodium (Na)
Chlorine (Cl)
Magnesium (Mg)
Iron (Fe)
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24
Q

Trace Elements

A 
Elements needed in "trace" amounts
Aluminum (Al)
Boron (B)
Chromium (Cr)
Cobalt (Co)
Copper (Cu)
Flourine (F)
Iodine (I)
Manganese (Mn)
Molybendum (Mo)
Selenium (Se)
Silicon (Si)
Tin (Sn)
Vanadium (V)
Zinc (Zn)
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25
Q

Molecule

A

two or more atoms sharing electrons joined by a chemical bond

Can be the same or different elements

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26
Q

Compound

A

A molecule that contains atoms of different elements

H2O, NaCl, CaCl2

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27
Q

States of matter (3)

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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28
Q

Solid

A

Shape: definite
Volume: definite
Compressibility: very slight
Particles: Rigidly clinging,tightly packed

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29
Q

Liquid

A

Shape: indefinite
Volume: definite
Compressibility: slight
Particles: mobile, adhering

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30
Q

Gas

A

Shape: indefinite
Volume: indefinite
Compressibility: high
Particles: Independent of each other and relatively far apart

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31
Q

Changes in physical states (4)

A

Freezing
Melting
Condensation
Vaporization

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32
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored energy

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33
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion

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34
Q

Endergonic Reactions

A

Reaction requires energy to be added to happen

Anabolic reaction

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35
Q

Exergonic Reactions

A

Reaction that releases energy

Catabolic reaction

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36
Q

Anabolism

A

Energy stored in chemical bonds

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37
Q

Catabolism

A

Energy released from chemical bonds. This energy can be turned into work

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38
Q

Entropy

A

The measure of disorder

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39
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of substances from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A kind of entropy

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40
Q

Specific Heat

A

The amount of energy that is needed to raise 1g (gram) os substance 1 degree of temperature

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41
Q

Matter is made up of these: (3)

A

Electrons, Neutrons, Protons

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42
Q

These form the nucleus of an atom:

A

Protons and neutrons

43
Q

Electrons

A 
the negatively charged part of the atom
is the reactive part of the atom
gives an atom it's chemical properties
very light 0.0005 Daltons
Do NOT contribute to the mass of an atom
44
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles
Part of the nucleus
Large. heavy 1.007 Daltons (rounded to 1)
Contribute to the mass of an atom

45
Q

Neutrons

A

No charge (neutral)
part of the nucleus
large, heavy 1.009 Daltons (rounded to 1)
Do contribute to the mass of the atom

46
Q

Atomic Mass

A

The combined mass of all particles in an atom

47
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms which vary in their number of neutrons

48
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons

49
Q

Mass number

A

sum of the protons and neutrons

50
Q

Atomic mass (atomic weight)

A

the average miss of all naturally occuring isotopes of an element

51
Q

47Ca (Calcium 47)

A

Used to study bone in nuclear medicine
20 protons
27 neutrons

52
Q

131I (Iodine 131)

A

Used to destroy Thyroid tissue
53 protons
78 neutrons

53
Q

133Xe (Xenon 133)

A

Used for respiratory studies
54 protons
79 neutrons

54
Q

Name an important element required for muscle contraction and bone integrity

A

Calcium (Ca)

55
Q

Name an element that is vital for the formation of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

A

Carbon (C)

56
Q

Name an element that is responsible for the activity of many enzymes

A

Magnesium (Mg)

57
Q

And abundance of hydrogen ions in solution is referred to a/an:

A

Acid

58
Q

Which element is a compound of many vitamins and proteins?

A

Sulfur (S)

59
Q

Which element is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids?

A

Nitrogen (N)

60
Q

Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and ______ of an element.

A

Characteristics

61
Q

This element is vital for the storage of energy (ATP)

A

Phosphorus (P)

62
Q

T/F: Iodine is an anion.

A

False

63
Q

Identify the constituent atoms of H2O

A

Hydrogen (H) - 2

Oxygen (O)- 1

64
Q

Substances with two or more different elements are________.

A

Compounds

65
Q

Matter that has a definite shape with tightly packed atoms/molecules is called _______.

A

Solid

66
Q

Matter that has an indefinite shape and definite volume with mobile molecules is called a _______.

A

Liquid

67
Q

Matter that has indefinite volume with independent, widely spaced atoms/molecules is called a ______.

A

Gas

68
Q

A body at rest with the ability to move has ______ energy.

A

Potential

69
Q

A body in motion is an example of _________ energy.

A

Kinetic

70
Q

Building through chemical bonds is called______.

A

Anabolic

Hint: anabolic steroids build muscles

71
Q

Deconstruction of chemical bonds is called _________.

A

Catabolic

72
Q

Endergonic chemical reactions require _______ input.

A

Energy

73
Q

__________ reactions release more energy than they consume

A

Exergonic

74
Q

Measurement of disorder in a system is called________.

A

Entropy

75
Q

1.000cal/gC (gram degree C) is also known as the ___________.

A

Specific Heat

76
Q

H, O, ____, and C are the four most abundant elements of the body’s mass.

A

N (Nitrogen)

77
Q

Name the elements for Fe, Na, K, Au, Ag, and Cu

A

Iron, Sodium, Potassium, Gold, Silver, Copper

78
Q

The neutral subatomic particle of the nucleus of an atom is called a________.

A

Neutron

79
Q

Electrons have a _______ charge.

A

Negative

80
Q

Protons have a _________ charge.

A

Positive

81
Q

Changing the number of this subatomic particle will result in an isotope.

A

Neutrons

82
Q

The atomic number is equal to the number of ______ in the atom.

A

Protons

83
Q

Adding the number of protons and neutrons together will provide this number

A

Atomic Mass Number

84
Q

Giving, taking and/or sharing of which subatomic particle is responsible for chemical reactions.

A

Electrons

85
Q

Define and ion

A

An electrically charged atom/molecule

86
Q

Define cation

A

A positively charged ion

87
Q

What is the most acidic of the following pH values? 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

A

The pH of 3 is the most acidic

88
Q

Buffers maintain __________ balances in the body.

A

Acid/Base

89
Q

A solution without H+ or OH- is considered to be a _______.

A

Salt

90
Q

An __________ is a mixture of fats and proteins and water,all mixed together, with microscopic droplets of fat suspended in a protein and water solution.

A

Emulsion

91
Q

if someone gave you a 15% NaCl solution, how many grams of NaCl are in 100 mL of this solution?

A

15g

92
Q

Define a solute.

A

A solid dissolved in a solvent. NaCl dissolved in water.

93
Q

A substance called _________ reduces surface tension.

A

Surfactant

94
Q

H and O2 atoms are bound together inside cells as _______ and are used in most _______ reactions.

A

ions, chemical

95
Q

The hydrogen atom in a water molecule has a partial positive charge. Why?

A

Because it is a polar covalent bond where the O is more electronegative than the H and it “hogs” the electrons.

96
Q

A polar covalent bond is the _______ sharing of electrons between two non-metals.

A

Uneven

97
Q

Name the following polyatomic ions:
OH-
HCO3-
NH4+

A

Hydroxyl
Bicarbonate
Ammonia

98
Q

Superoxide,hydroxyl, and peroxynitrite are examples of ________

A

free radicals

99
Q

An atom or a molecule containing an unpaired electron is called a __________.

A

Free Radical

100
Q

High energy photons are associated with _______ and ________.

A

Light and energy

101
Q

Beta particles are __________ expelled at high energy from radioactive atoms.

A

Electrons

102
Q

An alpha particle is a ___________.

A

Helium nucleus

103
Q

Radio isotopes occur when there are more _______ in the nucleus than can be supported.

A

Neutrons

104
Q

Identify the constituent atoms of H2O

A

Hydrogen- 2

Oxygen- 1

BioMed 1110 (3 decks)

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