Module 2/3A Flashcards
define skill as an action
a goal-directed task or action
define skill as an indicator of ability
ability to reach some pre-determined end result with max certainty & min expenditure of energy/time
what are the 4 criteria of a motor skill?
- goal-oriented
- must be voluntary
- body/limb movement is necessary to accomplish goal
- result of practice - must be learned/relearned
what are fine motor skills?
precise, manipulative skills that require greater control of smaller muscle groups
what are gross motor skills?
skills with less emphasis on precision, using large musculature
what is a critical question to determine if a skill is fine or gross motor?
could the action be performed whilst the
large musculature was constrained?
what is a discrete skill?
a skill with a brief, well-
defined beginning & end
what is a continuous skill?
a repetitive skill,
with an arbitrary beginning & end, often rhythmic
what is a serial skill?
discrete skills strung
together, form more
complex action.
order of elements imp.
for success
what is a critical question to ask to determine if a movement is discrete, continuous, or serial?
is there a clear beginning and end to the
movement (or movement components)?
what is a closed motor skill?
a skill that is:
- is in a stable, predictable environment
- the object does not change during performance
- self paced, performer controls situation
- object acted upon
- context does not change
what is tracking?
a continuous skill where an individual must control a lever, wheel, or handle to follow the movements of a target, i.e. driving
what is an open motor skill?
- unpredictable,
changing environment - object or context is in
motion during
performance - externally paced, performer responds to
variations in env.
what is a critical question to determine if a skill is open, closed, or semipredictable?
does the performer initiate the action (self-
paced) or respond to the environment - which
has unpredictability?
what are two characteristics of proficiency?
speed and accuracy
what is the concept of reaction time (RT)?
interval between presentation of unanticipated
stimulus & beginning of a response
what is the concept of movement time (MT)?
interval reflecting movement (initiation and
end), reflects time to transport the limb
what is the concept of total response time (TT)
sum of RT + MT
define foreperiod
time between warning signal & imperative
stimulus
define RT
time between imperative stimulus & initiation
of response
define MT
time between initiation and movement end
define TT
time between imperative stimulus &
movement end (i.e., RT + MT)
what are the three types of RT?
simple, choice, go-nogo
what is simple RT?
1 stimulus, 1 choice of response
what is choice RT?
more than 1 stimulus,
more than 1 choice of
response
what is discrimination/go-nogo RT?
many stimuli, but only 1
response to a specific
stimulus (discriminate
when to respond)
what is absolute error?
how far a person was from the goal (always positive) * calculated in only 1 dimension, either x or y
what is mean average error?
mean error score for person across
series of trials
what is constant error?
measure of how far away from the target & which direction
what is mean constant error?
represents average
magnitude and deviation/bias
what is variable error?
measures the consistency/standard deviation of the shots
what is radial error?
radial distance from
the target (always positive)
what is root-mean-square error (RMSE)?
a measure of how far a person’s tracking is away from preset distance point along a track, slicing the continuous task into measurable intervals
