Module 2 Flashcards
The smallest unit of matter which retain the properties and characteristics of the element
Atoms
A substance which cannot be split into simpler substances
Element
Name the main chemical elements in the body
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen
What element makes acid?
Hydrogen
What element contributes to hardness of bones and teeth; needing for blood clotting, release of some hormones, contraction, & stored in bones.
Ca/calcium
What element is the component of nucleic acids & ATP (molecules used to store chemical energy); required for normal bone and teeth structure?
P/phosphorous
What element is the most plentiful cation inside cells; needed for nerve activity?
K/potassium
What element is the component of some vitamins and many proteins?
S/sulfur
What element is the most plentiful cation in extra cellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance, needed for nerve activity?
Na/sodium
What element is the most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance?
Cl/chlorine
What element is needed for many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions in organisms; stops signals to muscle?
Mg/magnesium
What element is a part of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells) and some enzymes; not enough of this can cause anemia?
Fe/iron
What is it called when two or more atoms sharing electrons joined by a chemical bond?
Molecule
Ex: O2 or H2O
What is it called when a molecule atoms of different elements?
Compound
Ex: H2O, NaCl, CaCl2
This state of matter has a definite shape, definite volume, and very slightly is compressible
Solid
This state of matter has an indefinite shape, definite volume, and is slightly compressible.
Liquid
This state of matter has an indefinite shape, indefinite volume, and is very compressible
Gas
What is potential energy?
Stored energy that is not (yet) able to do work
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of movement
What is the summation of all the chemical reactions of the body?
Metabolism
What is anabolism?
Energy stored in chemical bonds
What is catabolism?
Energy released from chemical bonds
This energy can be turned into work
What is energy storing?
Endergonic
What is energy releasing?
Exergonic
What is disorder/randomness and had no energy?
Entropy
What is diffusion?
Moving from high concentration to low
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
Hot = fast Cold = slow
What is specific heat (heat capacity)?
The amount of energy it takes to raise a gram of a substance one degree of temperature (1’C)
What kind of specific heat is hard to hear up, but stays heated for a long time?
High specific heat
What kind of specific heat is fast to heat up, but fast to cool down?
Low specific heat
What substance has a specific heat of 1?
Water
What is it called when the amount of energy it takes to raise one gram when water is 1’C?
Calories
One food calories is equal to what?
1000 metric calories
Al
Aluminum
B
Boron
Cr
Chromium
Co
Cobalt
Cu
Copper
F
Fluorine
I
Iodine
Mn
Manganese
Mo
Molybdenum
Se
Selenium
Si
Silicon
Sn
Tin
V
Vanadium
Zn
Zinc
Metals are on what side of the periodic table?
Left
Non-metals are on what side of the periodic table?
Right
Noble gases are on what side of the periodic table?
Farthest right
What is the most common metal?
Ca/calcium
What is the most common non-metal?
O2/oxygen
Name an important element required for muscle contraction and bone integrity.
Calcium
Name an element that is vital to the formation of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Carbon
Name an element that is responsible for the activity of many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical relations).
Magnesium
Which element is a component of some vitamins and proteins?
Sulfur
This element is vital for the storage of energy (ATP).
Phosphorus
