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Biomedical Core (Chugg, Kraig, James B. Hutchins, Carol H. Naylor, Kathryn T. Newton, and Travis M. Price. "Module 1." <i>Study Guide for Biomedical Core</i>. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2014. Print.) > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

0
Q

The smallest unit of matter which retain the properties and characteristics of the element

A

Atoms

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1
Q

A substance which cannot be split into simpler substances

A

Element

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2
Q

Name the main chemical elements in the body

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen

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3
Q

What element makes acid?

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

What element contributes to hardness of bones and teeth; needing for blood clotting, release of some hormones, contraction, & stored in bones.

A

Ca/calcium

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5
Q

What element is the component of nucleic acids & ATP (molecules used to store chemical energy); required for normal bone and teeth structure?

A

P/phosphorous

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6
Q

What element is the most plentiful cation inside cells; needed for nerve activity?

A

K/potassium

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7
Q

What element is the component of some vitamins and many proteins?

A

S/sulfur

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8
Q

What element is the most plentiful cation in extra cellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance, needed for nerve activity?

A

Na/sodium

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9
Q

What element is the most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance?

A

Cl/chlorine

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10
Q

What element is needed for many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions in organisms; stops signals to muscle?

A

Mg/magnesium

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11
Q

What element is a part of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells) and some enzymes; not enough of this can cause anemia?

A

Fe/iron

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12
Q

What is it called when two or more atoms sharing electrons joined by a chemical bond?

A

Molecule

Ex: O2 or H2O

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13
Q

What is it called when a molecule atoms of different elements?

A

Compound

Ex: H2O, NaCl, CaCl2

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14
Q

This state of matter has a definite shape, definite volume, and very slightly is compressible

A

Solid

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15
Q

This state of matter has an indefinite shape, definite volume, and is slightly compressible.

A

Liquid

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16
Q

This state of matter has an indefinite shape, indefinite volume, and is very compressible

A

Gas

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17
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy that is not (yet) able to do work

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18
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy of movement

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19
Q

What is the summation of all the chemical reactions of the body?

A

Metabolism

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20
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Energy stored in chemical bonds

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21
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Energy released from chemical bonds

This energy can be turned into work

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22
Q

What is energy storing?

A

Endergonic

23
Q

What is energy releasing?

A

Exergonic

24
Q

What is disorder/randomness and had no energy?

A

Entropy

25
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Moving from high concentration to low

26
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

A 
Hot = fast
Cold = slow
27
Q

What is specific heat (heat capacity)?

A

The amount of energy it takes to raise a gram of a substance one degree of temperature (1’C)

28
Q

What kind of specific heat is hard to hear up, but stays heated for a long time?

A

High specific heat

29
Q

What kind of specific heat is fast to heat up, but fast to cool down?

A

Low specific heat

30
Q

What substance has a specific heat of 1?

A

Water

31
Q

What is it called when the amount of energy it takes to raise one gram when water is 1’C?

A

Calories

32
Q

One food calories is equal to what?

A

1000 metric calories

33
Q

Al

A

Aluminum

34
Q

B

A

Boron

35
Q

Cr

A

Chromium

36
Q

Co

A

Cobalt

37
Q

Cu

A

Copper

38
Q

F

A

Fluorine

39
Q

I

A

Iodine

40
Q

Mn

A

Manganese

41
Q

Mo

A

Molybdenum

42
Q

Se

A

Selenium

43
Q

Si

A

Silicon

44
Q

Sn

A

Tin

45
Q

V

A

Vanadium

46
Q

Zn

A

Zinc

47
Q

Metals are on what side of the periodic table?

A

Left

48
Q

Non-metals are on what side of the periodic table?

A

Right

49
Q

Noble gases are on what side of the periodic table?

A

Farthest right

50
Q

What is the most common metal?

A

Ca/calcium

51
Q

What is the most common non-metal?

A

O2/oxygen

52
Q

Name an important element required for muscle contraction and bone integrity.

A

Calcium

53
Q

Name an element that is vital to the formation of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

A

Carbon

54
Q

Name an element that is responsible for the activity of many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical relations).

A

Magnesium

55
Q

Which element is a component of some vitamins and proteins?

A

Sulfur

56
Q

This element is vital for the storage of energy (ATP).

A

Phosphorus

Biomedical Core (Chugg, Kraig, James B. Hutchins, Carol H. Naylor, Kathryn T. Newton, and Travis M. Price. "Module 1." Study Guide for Biomedical Core. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2014. Print.) (3 decks)

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