MODULE 2 Flashcards
Context Of Extension In Rural And Agricultural Development (24 cards)
Theoretical perspective on Agricultural Innovation
Transfer of Technology - Farming Research System - AKIS - AIS
Agricultural Extension operates in a context
or an environment that influences?
Organization, Form, and Content of transfer activities
Who and what theory prompted the evolution theory by Charles Darwin?
“Society is a living organism”
Herbert Spencer - Social Darwinism
Set of agricultural organizations
Agricultural Knowledge System
Components of Agricultural Knowledge System Framework? (GTUP)
- Technology Generation
- Technology Transfer
- Technology Utilization
- Agricultural Policy
Planning and Management - development, assessment & adaptation, testing & dissemination
Technology generation
Knowledge and input transfer
Technology transfer
Farm management - Awareness Information Trial, Farm-level Adaptation, Technology Adoption
Technology utilization
Development Goals, Agricultural Sector Strategy, Price and Market Policy Formulation, Resource Investment Levels
Agricultural policy
What are the macro-factors in agricultural extension? (APSPI)
1) Agroecological
2) Political economy
3) Socio-cultural
4) Policy
5) Infrastructure
What macro-factors are described by the following?
- diversity of farming conditions and production systems
- Extension needs to respond to the diverse technology and information
Agro-ecological
What macro-factors are described by the following?
- affected by shifts in government
- influenced by the country’s stage of economic development
Political Economy
What macro-factors are described by the following?
- Language differences
- Illiteracy
- Division of labor between sexes
- Resource endowments of farmers
Socio-cultural
What macro-factors are described by the following?
- affected by price signals to farmers and decisions by the government
Policy
Poor road or less accessibility
Transportation
Limited access to mass media such as radios or televisions
Communication
Closest institutional partners in technology generation and transfer
Research
What are the Institutional Factors? (RECIF)
1) Research
2) Education and Training
3) Credit
4) Input supply
5) Farmers Organizations
What are the problems existing in research?
- Lack of financial resources
- Acute shortage of well-trained scientists
- Lack of farmer feedback to ensure relevance of research results
- Lack of access to external sources of knowledge
- Inadequate research facilities and equipment
- Low staff morale
- Inadequate operating budgets, staff incentives and remuneration
Train extensionists
Poor communication between extension institution and education organizations
Underqualified/vacant staffing pattern
Education and Training
Credit context -government and bank policy
Credit
Certain aspects for accessibility to increase production
Input Supply
Organizations are extension’s partners in technology generation and transfer
Farmers Organizations
What was the symbols/records of extension regarding the Nile River (source of life)?
Hieroglyphics
