Module 2 Flashcards
By the end of the module, you should be able to: 1. Explain the classifications of computer generations 2. Discuss the characteristics of computers 3. Analyze the significance of computer generations 4. Showcase the relevance of computer generation
What is the main technology used in the first generation of computers?
Vacuum tubes
The first generation of computers spanned the 1940s to 1950s.
List three key characteristics of first-generation computers.
- Large and bulky machines
- Used punched cards and paper tape for input
- Limited processing speed and reliability
Name two examples of first-generation computers.
- ENIAC
- UNIVAC I
What technology characterized the second generation of computers?
Transistors
The second generation occurred during the 1950s to 1960s.
List two key characteristics of second-generation computers.
- Smaller and more reliable
- Faster processing speeds and lower power consumption
What memory type was introduced during the second generation?
Magnetic core memory
What programming language was commonly used in the second generation?
Assembly language
Name two examples of second-generation computers.
- IBM 1401
- IBM 7094
What main technology defined the third generation of computers?
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
The third generation spanned the 1960s to 1970s.
List two key characteristics of third-generation computers.
- Further reduction in size
- Increase in processing speed
What programming languages became more prevalent in the third generation?
- COBOL
- Fortran
What technological advancements emerged during the third generation?
Remote computing and time-sharing systems
Name two examples of third-generation computers.
- IBM System/360
- DEC PDP-11
What main technology was used in the fourth generation of computers?
Microprocessors
The fourth generation took place during the 1970s to 1980s.
List two key characteristics of fourth-generation computers.
- VLSI technology allowed integration of entire CPU components on a single chip
- Personal computers (PCs) became popular
What user interface development began in the fourth generation?
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
Name two examples of fourth-generation computers.
- IBM PC
- Apple II
What technology characterized the fifth generation of computers?
VLSI
The fifth generation covered the 1980s to 1990s.
List two key characteristics of fifth-generation computers.
- Continued miniaturization of components
- Parallel processing and supercomputers became more prevalent
What significant developments occurred during the fifth generation?
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)
- Expert systems
Name two examples of fifth-generation computers.
- IBM AS/400
- Cray-2
What is the main focus of the sixth generation of computers?
Parallel Processing and Networking
The sixth generation spans the 1990s to Present.
List two applications of sixth-generation computers.
- Advanced networking
- Multimedia processing
What is the main focus of the seventh generation of computers?
AI, Cloud Computing, and Quantum Computing
The seventh generation is considered Present-Future.
List two applications of seventh-generation computers.
- Deep learning
- Cloud-based services
What fields are impacted by seventh-generation computing?
- Healthcare
- Finance
- Machine learning
- Quantum research
- Advanced scientific simulations
True or False: The classification of computer generations helps to understand major technological shifts.
True
What is a significant outcome of the evolution of computer generations?
Increased processing power and capabilities
