module 2 Flashcards
1.
Define the relative atomic mass
The average mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Define Isotope
same element / same number of protons / same atomic number different number of neutrons
Define Nucleons
particles in the nucleus (protons and neutrons)
Define orbital
region of space around the nucleus that can hold two electrons
Define sub-shell
a group of orbitals with the same energy and in the same shell
Define a metallic bond
strong attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
Define ‘Ionic bond’
strong attraction between oppositely charged ions / positive and negative ions
Define ‘lattice’
repeating pattern
Define ‘Covalent bond’
strong attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the atoms sharing them
Define ‘Dative covalent bond’
the shared pair of electrons is supplied by one of the bonding atoms only
Define ‘Electronegativity’
the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond
Define ‘Standard solution’
solution of known concentration
Define ‘Hydrated’
contains water of crystallisation
Define ‘DeHydration’
removal of water of crystallisation (not necessarily all of it)
Define ‘Anhydrous’
contains no water of crystallisation
Define ‘oxidation’
loss of electrons, increase in oxidation number, addition of oxygen, removal of hydrogen
Define ‘Reduction’
gain of electrons decrease in oxidation number removal of oxygen addition of hydrogen
Define’ Oxidising agent’
electron acceptor
Define ‘reducing agent’
electron donor
Define ‘ Disproportion’ in a reaction
where the same element is both oxidised and reduced in the same reaction
