MODULE 2

Question 1

what are the intellectual revolutions that defined society

Answer 1

clever dogs find infinite meals at my aunts

copernican
darwinian
freudian
information
meso-american
asian
middle east
african

Question 2

paradigm
shift from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens to the
heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of
the Solar System

Answer 2

copernican revolution

Question 3

earth is at the center of the solar system

Answer 3

Geocentric Model

Question 4

proponent of geocentricism

Answer 4

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 5

path of a planet in its orbit
around the earth

Answer 5

Deferent

Question 6

orbit around a point on the
deferent

Answer 6

Epicycle

Question 7

Sun is at the center of the solar system

Answer 7

heliocentric model

Question 8

proposed heliocentric model, what book?

Answer 8

Nicholas Copernicus, De Revolutionihus

Question 9

Compiled the most accurate naked eye
measurements ever made of planetary
positions.

Answer 9

tycho brahe

Question 10

He proposed the three laws of planetary motions

Answer 10

johannes kepler

Question 11

the orbit of each planet
around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at
one focus

Answer 11

Kepler’s First Law

Question 12

as a planet moves
around its orbits, it speeds out equal areas in equal times. Planet travels
faster when it is near the sun and slower when further from the sun

Answer 12

Kepler’s Second Law

Question 13

the square of a planets
orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis

Answer 13

Kepler’s Third Law

Question 14

What are the 3 major objection for the copernican revolution? who disproved these?

Answer 14

1. Nature of Motion
2. Heavenly Perfection
3. Stellar Parallax

galileo galilei

Question 15

the apparent shift of position of any nearby star against the background
of distant objects.

Answer 15

stellar parallax

Question 16

how did galileo disproved objection 1: nature of motion

Answer 16

first law of motion, we are constantly moving with the earth, and object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force

Question 17

how did galileo disproved objection 2: heavenly perfection

Answer 17

using his telescope, he saw that heavenly bodies have imperfections e.g. sun have dark spots, moon have mountains

Question 18

how did galileo disproved objection 3: stellar parallax

Answer 18

he proved that the lack of stellar parallax is due to the stars being far away

Question 19

proponent of the darwinian revolution

Answer 19

charles robert darwin

Question 20

change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

Answer 20

evolution

Question 21

a theory of biological evolution stating that all species o
organisms arise and develop through natural selection of small, inherited
variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and
reproduce

Answer 21

darwinism

Question 22

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

Answer 22

Natural Selection

Question 23

three condition for natural selection

Answer 23

variance, inheritance, competition

Question 24

proponent of natural selection

Answer 24

charles robert darwin
alfred russel wallace

Question 25

condition for natural selection where an Individuals within a population have different characteristics/traits (or phenotypes)

Answer 25

variation

Question 26

condition for natural selection where Offspring inherit traits from their parents. An offspring does not receive the same spectra of traits as either parent, but rather a mixture of
both parents’ traits

Answer 26

inheritance

Question 27

condition for natural selection where offspring with traits better matched to the environment will survive and reproduce more effectively than others.

Answer 27

competition

Question 28

States that given these
three conditions (variation, inheritance, and competition), a
population will
accumulate the traits
that enable more
successful competition.

Answer 28

natural selection

Question 29

proponent of freudian revolution? what was his title?

Answer 29

Sigmund Freud, Father of Psychiatry

Question 30

relating to the ideas or methods of Sigmund Freud, especially his ideas
about the way in which a people’s hidden thoughts and feelings
influence their behaviour especially with respect to the causes and
treatment of neurotic and psychopathic states, the interpretation of
dreams, etc

Answer 30

Freudian revoltuion

Question 31

freudian revoltuion, psychosexual stages

Answer 31

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

Question 32

parts of consiciousness according to freud?

Answer 32

id - unconscious lvl, instinct, pleasure principle

ego - conscious lvl, rational, reality principle

superego - works on both conscious and unconscious lvl, morality