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DMS 104 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Vital signs consist of temperature, pulse, _______, and ________.

A

respiration; blood pressure

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2
Q

The average heart rate for children is __________ beats per minute.

A

100-120

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3
Q

A ______ mask is a high-flow oxygen mask that provides the most reliable and consistent oxygen enrichment.

A

Venturi

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4
Q

Oxygen therapy is administered to

A) all of the above
B) counteract hypoxemia
C) treat tissue hypoxia
D) minimize cardiopulmonary workload

A

All of the above

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5
Q

A patient is thought to have suffered cardiac arrest. The pulse should be checked at the

A

carotid artery

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6
Q

A blood pressure cuff should be released….

A

slowly and steadily

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7
Q

In a healthy adult the normal range for blood pressure is

A

systolic less than 120 mm Hg, diastolic less than 80 mm Hg

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8
Q

Hypoxia is

A

a state describing oxygen-deficient tissue

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9
Q

When measuring blood pressure, the first sound heard as the cuff is deflated is:

A

the systolic reading

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10
Q

Definition

subjective sensation or motor phenomenon that precedes and marks the onset of a paroxysmal attack, such as an epileptic attack

A

aura

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11
Q

Definition

application of external eletrical shock to restore normal cardiac rhythm and rate

A

Automatic External Defibrillation (AED)

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12
Q

Definition

sudden stopage of cardiac output and effective circulation

A

cardiac arrest

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13
Q

Definition

artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for cardiac arrest or apparent sudden death resulting from electric shock, drowning, respiratory arrest and other causes.

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

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14
Q

Definition

condition with sudden onset caused by acute vascular leasions of the brain; it is often followed by permanent neurologic damage.

A

cerebrovascular accident (stroke or brain attack)

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15
Q

Definition

unexpected or sudden occasion; an urgent or pressing need

A

emergency

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16
Q

Definition

escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding

A

hemorrhage

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16
Q

Definition

nosebleed; hemorrhage from the nose

A

epistaxis

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17
Q

Definition

abnormally increased concentration of glucose in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

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18
Q

Definition

abnormally diminished concentration of glucose in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

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19
Q

Definition

abnormal drowsiness or stupor; a condition of indifference

A

lethargy

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20
Q

Definition

unpleasant sensation, vaguely referred to in epigastrium and abdomen and often culminating in vomiting

A

nausea

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21
Q

Definition

paleness; absence of skin coloration

A

pallor

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22
Q

Definition

condition of profound hemodynamic and metabolic disturbance characterized by failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of the vital organs

A

shock

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23
Q

Definition

temporary suspension of consciousness as a result of generalized cerebral ischemia; faint or swoon

A

syncope

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24
Q

Definition

vascular reaction, usually transient, involving the upper dermis, representing localized edema caused by dilatation and increased permeability of the capillaries and marked by the development of wheals; also called hives

A

urticaria

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25
Q

Definition

disorganized cardiac rhythm

A

ventricular fibrillation

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26
Q

Definition

illusion of movement; sensation as if the external world were revolving around the patient or as if the patient were revolving in space

A

vertigo

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27
Q

Definition

forcible expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth

A

vomiting

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28
Q

Definition

bodily injury caused by physical means with disruption of the normal continuity of structures

A

wound

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29
Q

A patient arrives to the emergency department with an oral temperature of 39.38 degrees C. This finding is consistent with

A

hyperthemia

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30
Q

Which of the following is a common complication associated with CV line placement?

A

Pneumothorax or hemothorax

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31
Q

Thoracostomy tubes are used to:

A

reestablish negative intrapleural pressure

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32
Q

A Swan-Ganz catheter differs from a central venous (CV) catheter in that Swan-Ganz:

A) lines measure arterial pressures in the wedge position and reflect pressure in the left atrium.
B) catheters may be single-lumen or multilumen design, with a pressure electrode and cuff at the distal end.
C) catheters are named after Jeremy Swan and William Ganz developers.
D) All of the above are true.

A

D all the above

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33
Q

If you notice that a patient’s IV is running too fast, you should:

A

inform the charge nurse

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34
Q

Which of the following statements about urinary catheterization is untrue?

A) A Foley catheter is specially designed as two tubes, one inside the other.
B) After a Foley catheter is inserted into the urinary bladder, its balloon may be filled with air.
C) After a Foley catheter is inserted into the urinary bladder, its balloon may be filled with water.
D) Catheterization is the preferred method of filling the bladder for pelvic ultrasound studies.

A

D) Catheterization is the preferred method of filling the bladder for pelvic ultrasound studies.

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35
Q

When working with patients connected to mechanical suction machines, sonographers should:

A) never raise or open the drainage bottle.
B) never disconnect the tubing.
C) report any leakage in the tube or suction system.
D) do all of the above.

A

D) do all of the above

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36
Q

When transferring or positioning a patient with an IV, you should:

A) never lower the IV bag below the level of needle insertion.
B) never lower the IV bag below the level of the heart.
C) change or regulate the flow as needed.
D) clamp the tubing during transfer.

A

A) never lower the IV bag below the level of needle insertion.

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37
Q

Which of the following statements about scanning patients with colostomies or ileostomies is untrue?

A) Sterile technique is used whenever removing or changing dressings or bags.
B) When the old appliance is removed, the area around the stoma must be cleansed.
C) A folded gauze pad must be taped to the open stoma to absorb any discharge.
D) The contents of the old appliance may be flushed down the toilet.

A

A) Sterile technique is used whenever removing or changing dressings or bags.

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38
Q

is a wheeled container of equipment and drugs typically required in emergency situations.

A

crash cart

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39
Q

Analyzes patient’s cardiac rhythm, determines if shock is advised, and delivers a shock if needed
Fully or semi automated

A

Fully

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40
Q

Analyzes patient’s cardiac rhythm, determines if shock is needed, advises operator to deliver shock by pushing button

A

semiautomatic

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41
Q

Levels of consciousness

A

Alert and conscious
Drowsy
Unconscious
Comatose

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42
Q

Consciousness level

Least severe
Responds fully to questions and other stimuli

A

alert and conscious

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43
Q

Consciousness level

Responds to loud speaking or gentle physical contact

A

drowsy

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44
Q

Consciousness level

Reacts only to painful stimuli (pinches and pinpricks) and does not respond to verbal stimuli

A

unconscious

45
Q

consciousness level

Unresponsive to virtually all stimuli

A

comatose

46
Q

The ……… is the most widely used scoring system used to assesses the patients level of consciousness following traumatic brain injury.

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

47
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale grades ____, ____, _____

A

eye opening - scale of 1 - 4
motor response - scale of 1 - 5
verbal response - scale of 1 - 6

48
Q

Deteriorating Situations

A

Sudden irritability
Lethargy
Slowing pulse rate
Slowing respiratory rate
Change in level of consciousness (LOC)

49
Q

A failure of the circulatory system to support vital body functions

A

Shock

50
Q

The Shock Continuum

A

Compensatory Stage
Cold, clammy skin
Decreased urine output
Increased respiration
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Normal BP
Increased anxiety level
Progressive Stage
BP falls
Respirations are rapid and
shallow
Severe pulmonary edema
Tachycardia
Patient complains of chest
pain
Confused mental state
Problems occur with
kidneys, liver, bowel, and
spleen
Irreversible Stage
BP remains low
Renal and liver failure occur
Release of necrotic tissue
toxins
Overwhelming lactic acidosis

51
Q

Compensatory Stage- shock continuum

A

1st stage
Cold, clammy skin
Decreased urine output
Increased respiration
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Normal BP
Increased anxiety level

52
Q

Progressive Stage- shock continuum

A

2nd stage
BP falls
Respirations are rapid and
shallow
Severe pulmonary edema
Tachycardia
Patient complains of chest
pain
Confused mental state
Problems occur with
kidneys, liver, bowel, and
spleen

53
Q

Irreversible Stage- shock continuum

A

3rd stage
BP remains low
Renal and liver failure occur
Release of necrotic tissue
toxins
Overwhelming lactic acidosis

54
Q

Classes of Shock

A

Neurogenic
Hypovolemic Shock
Cardiogenic Shock
Vasogenic Shock

55
Q

This occurs with a loss of blood or tissue fluid. It can be from internal or external bleeding, a loss of plasma from burns, or excessive vomiting or diarrhea.

A

hypovolemic shock

56
Q

Hypovolemic Shock Classes

A

Class I
Blood loss of 15%
Class II
Blood loss of 15% to 30%
Class III
Blood loss of 30% to 40%
Class IV
Blood loss of more than 40%

57
Q

This occurs with circulatory failure as a result of marked dilatation of the vessels from severe infection. It is also termed Septic Shock

A

Vasogenic Shock

58
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident AKA ……

A

stroke

59
Q

Unsystemic discharge of neurons of the cerebrum that results in an abrupt alteration in brain function

A

seizures

60
Q

This is a flexible plastic tube inserted through the mouth or nose down into the trachea (airway).

A

Endotracheal Tubes

61
Q

This intubation serves as an open passage through the upper airway to permit air to pass freely to and from the lungs in order to ventilate the lungs.

A

Endotracheal Tubes

62
Q

This is a surgically created opening into the trachea.
It provides an airway during upper airway obstruction.

A

Tracheostomy

63
Q

Also know as chest tubes
Drain the intrapleural space and mediastinum

A

Thoracostomy Tubes

64
Q

Normally intraplerual pressure is ………. atmospheric pressure.

A

below

65
Q

Tube inserted through the nose into the stomach.

A

Nasogastric Tube (NG Tube)

66
Q

This is a tube that goes into the stomach through the abdominal wall.

A

Gastrostomy

67
Q

The main reasons for this type of tube is for urinary tract obstructions and in patients who are going to have percutaneous lithotripsy for kidney stones.

A

Nephrostomy Tube

68
Q

CVP line Most common insertion site is ……………..; also can be internal jugular and femoral veins

A

subclavian vein

69
Q

PICC Line Placement preferred site is ……

A

superior vena cava, approximately 2 to 3 cm above the right atrial junction

70
Q

Pulmonary Arterial (PA) Catheter AKA

A

Swan-Ganz catheters

71
Q

2 french =

A

.66 milimeters

72
Q

1 french=

A

.33 millimeters

73
Q

This is used as a long term method of draining the bladder, usually for patients with chronic obstructions, prostate complications, urethral injuries, etc. (see image below)

A

suprapubic catheter

74
Q

This is a constancy in the internal environment of the body.

It is primarily maintained by adaptive responses of the body including:
heart beat
blood pressure
body temperature
respirations
electrolyte balance

A

Homeostasis

75
Q

The …………. regulates the body temperature, which is called thermoregulation, at about 98.6º F.

A

hypothalamus

76
Q

Normal temperature (oral)

A

97.7º - 99.5º F

77
Q

normal temperature (axilla)

A

97.6º - 98º F

78
Q

normal temperature (rectal)

A

99.6º F

79
Q

…… the medical term for fever, occurs if the body temperature is above 99.5º F.

A

pyrexia

80
Q

Produced each time the left ventricle of the heart contracts and forces blood into the aorta and peripheral arteries.

A

pulse

81
Q

abnormally rapid pulse rates (>100 bpm)

A

Tachycardia

82
Q

abnormally slow pulse rates (<60 bpm)

A

Bradycardia

83
Q

any variation of the normal rhythm of the heart

A

Arrhythmia

84
Q

The three most common sites to check for the pulse are:

A

Radial artery - most common and most accessible site

Brachial artery -
antecubital fossa (elbow area)
upper arms in infants

Carotid artery

85
Q

normal adult pulse

A

60 - 100 beats per minute

86
Q

normal child pulse

A

70 - 120 beats per minute

87
Q

Normal respiration rate for adult

A

16 to 20 breaths per minute is normal

88
Q

Normal respiration rate for teenager

A

12 - 16 breaths per minute

89
Q

Normal respiration rate for school aged children

A

22-34 breaths per minute

90
Q

Normal respiration rate for toddlers

A

24 - 40 breaths per minute

91
Q

Normal respiration rate for infants

A

30- 60 breaths per minute

92
Q

description for depth of respiration

A

the amount of air taken in with each respiration (normal, shallow, or deep)

93
Q

character of respiration

A

the quality of respiration (quiet, labored, wheezing, and coughing)

94
Q

The term used to describe the absence of breathing.

A

apnea

95
Q

The term used to describe difficulty breathing.

A

Dyspnea

96
Q

The term used to describe a decrease in the respiratory rate.

A

bradypnea

97
Q

The term used for respiratory rates greater than 20 breaths per minute in an adult.

A

Tachypnea

98
Q

blood pressure- Highest when the heart contracts (systolic pressure)

A

(systolic pressure)

99
Q

blood pressure- Lowest between beats, when the heart rests,

A

(diastolic pressure)

100
Q

Average blood pressure for

1 year of age:

A

95/65

101
Q

Average blood pressure for

6 to 9 years of age:

A

100/65

102
Q

Average blood pressure for

Adults:

A

110/65

103
Q

Average blood pressure for

Pre-hypertension:

A

between 120/80 and 139/89

104
Q

Average blood pressure for

Stage one hypertension:

A

140/90

105
Q

Average blood pressure for

Stage two hypertension:

A

160/100

106
Q

Average blood pressure for

Hypotension:

A

80/50

107
Q

Systolic higher than 140 mm Hg, or a diastolic higher than 90 mm Hg is considered ………

A

hypertension

108
Q

Blood pressure less than 95/60 mm Hg is considered ……….

A

hypotension

109
Q

measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood.

A

Pulse Oximetry

110
Q

normal Pulse Oximetry range

A

95% to 100%.

111
Q

A high-flow mask that provides the most reliable and consistent oxygen enrichment
Has a hard plastic adapter with large “windows” on either side

A

Venturi Mask

DMS 104 (3 decks)

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